Word or word group that is used to name a person, a place, a thing, or an idea

Person: Dave Smith, teacher, chef, Dr. Matthews

Places: Grand Canyon, town, school, England

Things: lamp, table, Nobel Prize, Brooklyn Bridge Ideas: happiness, self-control, liberty, bravery

Rebecca Motte was a great patriot.

Rebecca Motte was a great patriot.

During the Revolutionary War, British soldiers seized her mansion in South Carolina.
During the Revolutionary War, British soldiers seized her

mansion in South Carolina.

General Harry Lee told Motte that the Americans would have to burn her home to smoke out the enemy.
General Harry Lee told Motte that the Americans would

have to burn her home to smoke out the enemy.

Proper nouns name a particular person, place, thing, or idea and begins with a capital letter Common nouns name any one of a group of persons, places, things, or ideas and are generally not capitalized.

A word that is used to modify a noun or a pronoun

To modify means to describe the word or the

make its meaning more definite. Tells what kind, which one, how much, or how many
What kind? Korean children Busy dentist Braided hair Which one or ones? Seventh grade These countries Any book How much or how many? Several days Five dollars No marbles

Most commonly used adjectives are a, an, and the. A and an are indefinite articles because they refer to any member of a general group. The is called the definite article because it refers to someone or something in particular

Many words that can stand alone as nouns can also be used as adjectives modifying nouns or pronouns
Nouns Bean Spring Gold Football Labor Day Super Bowl Milan Adjectives Bean soup Spring weather Gold coin Football game Labor Day weekend Super Bowl party Milan fashions

Demonstrative adjective: when they modify a noun or pronoun

This That These Those

Example: This drawing is mine, and that drawing is his.

These earrings are much more expensive than those

earrings are.

Demonstrative pronoun: when they are used alone

Example: This is mine and that is his. These are more expensive than those are.

Proper adjectives: formed from a proper noun; capitalized

Proper Nouns Thanksgiving Catholicism Middle East China Proper Adjectives Thanksgiving dinner Catholic priest Middle Eastern country Chinese food

Word that is used in place of one or more nouns or pronouns Antecedent is the word or word group that a pronoun stands for or refers to Examples:
Walking the dog is fun, and it is good exercise.

Bill, have you turned in your report?

(antecedent is bold, pronoun is underlined)

Sometimes the antecedent isnt stated

Someone will have to clean up the mess. Who asked you that question?

I did not understand what you said.

Personal: refers to the one speaking (1st), spoken to (2nd), or spoken about (3rd)
Singular First Person Second Person Third Person I, me, my, mine You, your, yours He, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its Plural We, us our, ours You, your yours They, them, their, theirs

Demonstrative: points out a person, a place, a thing, or an idea

This That These Those

This is the book I bought. Those are the types of plants that bloom at night.

Reflexive: refers to the subject and is necessary to the meaning of the sentence Intensive: emphasizes a noun or another pronoun and is unnecessary to the meaning of the sentence
Reflexive and Intensive First Person Second Person Third Person Myself, ourselves Yourself, yourselves Himself, herself, itself, themselves

Reflexive examples
Tara enjoyed herself at the party. The team prided themselves on their victory.

Intensive examples
I myself cooked that delicious dinner. Did you redecorate the room yourself?

Interrogative: introduces a question

What Which Who Whom whose

Example: What is the best brand of chips?

Relative: introduces a subordinate clause

Common Relative Pronouns That Which Who Whom whose

Examples: Ralph, who turned in his work, has an A. Exercise is something that many people enjoy.

Indefinite: refer to a person, a place, a thing, or an idea that may or may not be specifically named (most can also be used as adjectives)
Common Indefinite Pronouns All Any Anyone Both Each Either Few Many More Much one Nobody None No one somebody Other Several Some

Everything Most

Examples: Both of the girls forgot their lines. I would like some of that chow mein.