Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
B bi K kei T ti
C ci L el U iu
D di M em V vi
E i N en W
F ef O ou X
G lli P pi Y
H eich Q quiu Z
I ai R ar
dobliu ex
guay zet
SINGULAR
I YOU YO TU WE YOU
PLURAL
NOSOTROS(AS) USTEDES
HE
SHE IT
EL
ELLA ESTO
THEY
ELLOS
PRONOUN, VERB, COMPLEMENT PRONOMBRE, VERBO, COMPLEMENTO. PRONOUN is a word that stands for a noun. Is the word that acts in the sentence. VERB is a word that stays or tells, it expresses an action. COMPLEMENT is the group of words that tell us something about the subject.
EXAMPLE:
WE are students. (pronoun, or subject) S The girl IS little. (verb) V The boy studies THE LESSON. C (complement)
NOUN - SUSTANTIVO
Example: The TABLE is on the FLOOR. N N SENTENCE ORACION Is a group of words that expresses a complete thought. Is the name of a person, place or thing. Example: THE TEACHER IS IN FRONT OF US. S
MINE YOURS
HIS
HERS ITS
OURS
YOURS THEIRS Possessive Pronoun is used alone, without a noun following it. A
EXAMPLE:
I have mine. You have yours. She has hers. He has his. We have ours. You have yours. They have theirs.
EXAMPLE:
That dog is mine. The green house is yours. The red car is his. The little doll is hers. This food is its. That classroom is ours. These jackets are theirs.
Possessive
EXAMPLE:
My dog is strong. Your dress is blue. His face is ugly. Her car is big. Our classroom is modern. Their book is interesting. Its hair is smooth.
ME
YOU
HIM HER IT US YOU THEM
EXAMPLE:
He talks to me. I look at you. He cooks her a fish. We close it the door. You play with us. I invite them.
*The Personal Pronouns are those that make the action of the sentence. *The Possessive Pronouns and Possessive Adjectives are those that expresses possession. *The Objective Pronouns are those that receive the action of the sentence.
SINGULAR
I AM YOU ARE
PLURAL
WE ARE YOU ARE
HE IS
SHE IS
THEY ARE
IT IS The verb To Be is the most irregular verb in the English Grammar, as you can see.
There are three ways to represent the present tense of this verb: am, is, are.
I am in that work.
They are young doctors. We are good students. She is a nice girl. He is a good man.
You
He isnt She isnt it isnt We arent They arent
Definite The: las. l, la, los, Use a when the next word begins with sound of consonant. Use an when the next word begins with sound of vowel.
Undefinite
DEFINITE ARTICLE
EXAMPLE: The cat is nice. The boys play soccer. The house is big. The books are here. The man is polite. The women are in the club.
It
is a cat.
My mother is a teacher.
It is a book. She is a nurse. I am a child. My cousin is a fire fighter.
It is an elevator.
It is an apple My niece is an angel. His sister is an excellent student. The president is an important person.
My computer is on the desk. The pillow is on the bed. The purse is on the table. My food is on my plate. The chair is on the floor.
STUDENTS WILL SEARCH FOR, BY THEMSELVES, IN INTERNET, THE RULES OF THE FOLLWING THEMES.
1.- Present tense of third person singular - he, she, it- and their usage 2.- Look for the Past Tense of Regular Verbs, each rule about it. 3.- Uses of IN, ON, AT, dates. talking about
I am an architect.
They are students at the university. He is a good boy. They are doctors. She is a dentist.
-S or -ES?
With most verbs, the third person singular form is created simply by adding -S. However, with some verbs, you need to add -ES or change the ending a little. Here are the rules:
THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE AND THE THIRD PERSON SINGULAR HE, SHE, IT. * When we use the third person singular in Presemt Tense we add an s after the verb.
She works in that company. He lives in Japan. The brain is a wanderful organ. It works 24 hours a day. *Search.
EXAMPLE:
*We also add es to the verbs go and do. Example: Juan goes to school on Monday. Lucy does her homework. Go-goes do-does
* When verbs end with the letter y after consonants we drop the y and replace it with ies Example: She cries every night. The airplane flies very fast. Study-studies marry-marries carry-carries
The SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE is used to express facts, habits, and mainly is used for habitual actions. The SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE is often used with frequency adverbs or adverb phrases.
100%
85% 70%
ALWAYS
USUALLY OFTEN
SIEMPRE
USUALMENTE A MENUDO
55%
40% 25% 0%
SOMETIMES
SELDOM RARELY NEVER
ALGUNAS VECES
RARA VEZ RARAMENTE NUNCA
Use this Frequency Adverbs with the Simple Present Tense. Use the frequency adverb between the subject and the verb.
She ALWAYS drinks coffee in the morning. I USUALLY go to the movies on Thursdays. We OFTEN go to that store. He SOMETIMES sings a song.
I usually have a milk for breakfast. I always try to explain you the lesson. My mother often comes early to pick me up . Marisol sometimes dances in the disco. Gaby seldom sleeps in the afternoon. My friend rarely calls me . I never play a trumpet.
How can I get to? Como puedo llegar a ...? Do you know the way to..? Conoce el camino? Go straight Vete derecho Turn left Turn Right Dobla a la izquierda. Dobla a la derecha
Block
Corner Stop
Cuadra
Esquina Alto
Go back
Regresa
TOO VERY
DEMASIADO MUY
QUITE
PRETTY ENOUGH
BASTANTE
UN POCO SUFICIENTE
This coffee is TOO hot. I am VERY happy. She is PRETTY smart . That is ENOUGH for me.
Now
Tomorrow
maana
In English Grammar we have forms to express affirmative, interrogative, negative or interrogative negative
Affirmative:
Negative: S
S
+
+
+ V
V
S +
+
+ NW
C
C + + QM C
Interrogative: V
Interrogative Negative: V + S + NW + C + QM
Aff.
Int.
She is a lady.
Is she a lady?
He is married.
Is he married? He is not married
Is he not married?
Affirmative: We are English students. Interrogative: Are we English students? Negative: We are not English students. Interrogative Negative: Are we not English students? Affirmative: You are a student. Interrogative: Are you a student?
1.- CAN does not change, it is used in all the persons. 2.- CAN is used without S in the third person singular (he, she, it) 3.-CAN is an auxiliary verb.
4.- Do not use the word TO after or before the verb CAN.
5.- In interrogative or interrogative negative write first the verb CAN. 6.- In negative sentences write Can before the negative word.
AFF.
INT.
INT. NEG.
The dog can eat the bone. Can the dog eat the bone?
Aff. Int.
They can walk in the mall. Can they walk in the mall?
Neg. They can not walk in the mall. They can`t walk in the mall. Int. Neg. Can they not walk in the mall?
Note: Use these adjectives to express something about things near from you, that you can touch.
Singular
That=esa, ese, eso. aquella, aquello.
Plural
Those= esas, esos. aquellas, (llos)
Note: Use these adjectives to express something about things far from you, that you can not touch.
This table is very big. This girl is smart. These boys are from China. These books are interesting.
This is my pencil. This is your backpack. This is my watch. This is my eraser. This is her purse.
These are three cars. These flowers are on the table . These blouses are in my closet. These purses are in the shop.
Adjectives as Nouns
The black dog and the little are here, this is mine. I read adventures and love books, I preferred this one. That is a red car and this is blue, I like that. I want corn pops and chocolates, first those
*As you can see these adjectives are used as Nouns.
Use There is when you ere talking about something that is singular. There is a girl. There is a dog.
There is a boy.
you
are
talking
about
There are two boys. There are many girls. There are some books. There are nine girls in the party. There are five pencils in the box.
There is a pencil. There is a black chair. There is an orange. There is a black suit. There is a red bag.
Use Much when you are talking about something that you can not count by separated units (singular).
You have much money at the bank. Much water She walks much every morning. Much milk
Use Many when you talk about something that you can count by separated units (plural)
If you want to use this words in Interrogative form, you will use it as follows.
Have you many pesos? Are there many horses? Are there many pencils?
Have you much money? Is there much water? Is there much oil ?
Use HOW MUCH for the things that you can not count by separated units. How much water is there in the pool? There is much water in the pool. How much money is there in the bank?
Use HOW MANY for the things that you can count by separated units.
How many liters of water are there? There are many liters of water. How many millions of pesos are there? There are many millions of pesos.
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
I/ you/we/they
Work
Do (dont) Work
Do you/we/they/ Work?
He/she/it
Works
THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE IS FORMED BY ADDING ed TO THE END OF THE VERB. HOWEVER THERE ARE SEVERAL RULES DEPENDING ON THE SPELLING OF THE *Search VERB. THESE ARE:
If the verb ends in -e only add d . If there is a consonant + y, the y is turned into ied. If it finishes in c, add ked. A single vowel plus a consonant and is stressed on its final syllable the consonant is usually doubled and ed added. P , g or m the consonant is usually doubled and ed added. -l , consonant is usually doubled.
EXAMPLE Raid raided Study studied Try tried panic panicked Plan planned Ram rammed Tap tapped Gag gagged
EXAMPLE
I planned my vacations. She panicked when she saw the lion. We studied the lesson very well. You tried that elephant. They carried the furniture.
EXAMPLES:
They walked everyday at the park. I walked everyday to my job. He looked her in the morning. We closed the store yesterday . You danced with me at the party. She opened the door. It jumped the fence .
Sweet girl
Bad boy
Dangerous man
The Adjective goes before the noun, if there is not the verb to be between them.
The white house. She is a pretty girl. The big dog. The intelligent man.
The house is white She is a girl that is pretty. The dog is big. The man is intelligent.
Small Big Little Large Short Long Wide Narrow Easy Hard Thin Fat Blond brunette Curly
Chico Grande Pequeo-a Grande Corto Largo Ancho Angosto Fcil Difcil Delgado-a Gordo-a Rubio-a Moreno-a rizado
Straight Handsome Ugly Tall Short Expensive Cheap Weak Strong Dirty Clean Plenty Nothing Nobody somebody
Lacio-a Guapo Feo-a Alto Bajo Caro Barato Dbil Fuerte Sucio-a Limpio-a Bastante Nada Nadie alguien
WAS
WE
WERE
YOU WERE
THEY WERE
HE
SHE IT
WAS
WAS WAS
EXAMPLE:
I was a good student at the university. You were at the United States last year. He was the doctor that attended me. We were classmates. She was an itelligent girl at school. They were very rich. It was my favorite dog.
KEY: S +
AV
PV
She S I S
is AV am AV
eating PV talking PV
The PRESENT PROGRESSIVE expresses an activity that is in progress, ( is occurring, is happening) right now. The event is in progress at the time. The speaker is saying the sentence . The event began in the past, is in progress now, and will probably continue into the future. .
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE IN THE FOUR GRAMMAR FORMS. EXAMPLE: AFF. He is running in the house.
AFF. He is eating pizza. INT. Is he eating pizza? NEG. He is not eating pizza He isnt eating pizza.
NEG.
INT. NEG Was she not eating pizza? Wasnt she eating pizza?
AFF. I am listening the radio. INT. Am I listening the radio? NEG. I am not listening the radio. Im not listening the radio.
INT. NEG. Am I not listening the radio? AFF. I was listening the radio.
INT. Was I listening the radio? NEG. I was not listening the radio.
If the simple form of a verb with two or more syllables ends in a single vowel + consonant, double the final consonant only if the stress is on the final syllable. Do not double the final consonant if the stress is not on the final syllable. admit- asmitting begin-beginning
If the simple form of one syllable verb ends with one single vowel + final consonant, double the consonant and add ing. Example: hit-hitting stop-stopping
compare two vowels + consonant eat-eating Do not double the consonants x, w, y
Man Men
Woman Women
Bachelorhood
Married
Husband Wife
casado a
esposo
Daughter
Brother Sister
hija
hermano
esposa abuelo
hermana to ta sobrino
Grandfather
Uncle Aunt
Mother mam Baby Boy Girl Son beb nio nia hijo
children
grandchildren
Cousin
prima - o
nieto nieta abuelita
brother-in-law sister-in-law
cuado cuada
Grandson Grandma
Granddaughter
son-in-law
step-father step-mother step-son Relatives
yerno
nuera padrastro madrastra hijastra
daughter-in-law
Grandpa
abuelito
sobrino nieto sobrina nieta to abuelo ta abuela nieta - o abuela anciana
hijastro parientes
step-daughter
Friends
People
amigos
gente caballero caballeros
Grandsire
antepasado
suegro suegra
father-in-law mother-in-law
Thursday
Friday Saturday
jueves
viernes sbado
January
February March
enero
febrero marzo September septiembre October octubre
April
May June July August
abril
mayo junio julio agosto
November noviembre
December diciembre
0 ZERO
1 ONE TWO
8
9 10
EIGHT
NINE TEN
THREE
FOUR FIVE SIX SEVEN
11
12 13 14 15
ELEVEN
TWELVE THIRTEEN FOURTEEN FIFTEEN
30 40 50 60 70
21 TWENTY ONE
22 TWENTY TWO 23 TWENTY THREE 24 TWENTY FOUR 25 TWENTY FIVE
80
90 95 99
EIGHTY
NINETY NINETY FIVE NINETY NINE
100 200
400
550 800
FOUR HUNDRED
FIVE HUNDRED AND FIFTY EIGHT HUNDRED
Head
cabeza
Nose
nariz
Hair
Face Forehead
pelo
cara frente
cheek
mouth lips
mejilla
boca labios
Eyebrows
Eyelashes Eyelid Eye Pupil cheek bone
cejas
pestaas prpado ojo pupila pmulo
tongue
palate gum tooth teeth throat
lengua
paladar encia diente dientes garganta
cadera brazo codo mueca (de la mano) mano dedo de la mano ua (dedo de la mano)
nail
ua (dedo de la mano)
Knee
harm (back of knee) Ankle Foot Feet Heel Toe toe nail instep Heart
rodilla
corba tobillo pierna pies taln
groin
hoof
ingle
pesua
stomach estomago
Lung
Liver Intestine
pulmn
higado intestino
Skin
piel
Gray
gris
Blue
Navy blue Green
azul
azul marino verde
Lilac
Carmine Beige Silver Golden
lila
carmin beige plateado dorado
Violet
purple
violeta
morado o prpura
Second - segundo Minute - minuto Hour - hora Day - da Week - semana Fortnight - quincena
morning - maana At noon - medio da Afternoon - tarde Evening - inicio de la noche Night - noche Midnight - medianoche Yesterday - ayer Today- hoy
Month - mes
Year - ao Century - siglo
Tonight esta noche Tomorrow maana A day past tomorrow pasado maana Each other day cada tercer da Every day - Todos los das
In the morning - en la maana Good morning - buenos dias Wake up - despirtate Get up - levntate Early in the morning - temprano en la maana
Afternoon
despus de medioda
In the afternoon
Part time job -
- en la tarde
Around 4:00 oclock - Alrededor de las cuatro trabajo de medio tiempo salir del trabajo ir a casa al anochecer ve a la cama los domingos los fines de semana los viernes Leave work
Get home In the evening At night Go to bed Until midnight On weekdays On weekends On Sundays -
On Fridays
Lawyer
abogado
Astronaut
astronauta
Doctor
Dentist Economist Architect Nurse Teacher Engineer accountant Stylist
doctor
dentista economista arquitecto enfermera maestro a ingeniero contador a estilista
Chef
Librarian Bank teller cashier postman carpenter firefighter policeman
jefe de cocina
bibliotecario asistente bancaria cajero -a cartero carpintero bombero polica hombre
Administrator administrador
Fisherman
Janitor Butcher
pescador
conserje carnicero
actress
actor singer
actriz
actor cantante
Industrie worker
trabajador de
maquiladora
baker
publicist
panadero-a
publicista
Hair brush Comb Tooth paste Teeth brush Hair clips Shampoo Razor Electric Razor Shower cap Tweezers Nail remover Nail cover Nail shaper Mouth fresher
Cepillo de pelo Peine Pasta de dientes Cepillo de dientes Ganchos para pelo Champu Rastrillo Rasuradora elctrica Gorra de bao Pinzas de pelo Quita esmalte Barniz de uas Lima de uas Anticptico bucal
Perfume Lipstick Eye shadow Liner Mascara Brush Cream Rolls Bobby pins Spray
Perfume Lpiz labial Sombra de ojos Delineador Rimel Rubor Crema Tubos para pelo Pasadores sprey
Simple Form
Present Tense
Past Tense
Past Participle
Progressive or Gerund
Spanish Espaol
open (s) accept (s) love (s) learn (s) hurry (ies)
To help
To dance To e rase To change To walk To close To date
help (s)
dance (s) erase (s) change (s) walk (s) close (s) date (s)
helped
danced erased changed walked closed dated
helped
danced erased changed walked closed dated
helping
dancing erasing changing walking closing dating
ayudar
bailar borrar cambiar caminar cerrar citar
cook (s) count (s) answer (s) wish (es) start (s) push (es) listen (s) expect (s)
To wait
To study To miss To enjoy To like To talk To arrive
wait ( s)
study(ies) miss (es) enjoy (ies) like (s) talk (s) arrive (s)
waited
studied missed enjoyed liked talked arrived
waited
studied missed enjoyed liked talked arrived
waiting
studying missing enjoying liking talking arriving
esperar
estudiar extraar gozar gustar hablar llegar
To look
looked
looking
mirar
bbbb
To dress
To travel
dressed
traveled
dressing
traveling
vestir
viajar
dress(es)
travel(s)