Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Conclusion
References
Phospholipids
Polar Head Groups
Lipid bilayers surrounding
an aqueous system
Immuno
liposomes
Hydrophilic
S
lip tealt
os
om h
es
Hydrophobic
Water -soluble
Shortcomings of
conventional liposomes
Susceptibility for chemical and enzymatic
hydrolysis, auto-oxidation, pH and thermal
instability
Suboptimal immune response to encapsulated
antigen (lack of depot effect):- adjuvants
required
Wide gap between the proportion of research at
lab scale and products reaching market.
Need to develop new formulations to circumvent
the shortcomings
Archaeosomes
Liposomes made from the polar ether
lipids of Archaea
Provide formulary advantages
Exhibit excellent physico-chemical
stability
High efficacy as self-adjuvant in
vaccine delivery vesicles.
Archaeobacteria
and its lipids
Archaea
Highly diverse and abundant,
Differ from eukarya and bacteria
Genetic, biochemical, structural feature
‘Extremophiles‘
HALOPHILES
METHANOGENS
ARCHAE
BACTERIA
EUKARYOTES
EUBACTERIA
Cells of
Methanobrevibacter smithii
Growth requirements of
archaeobacteria are relatively
extreme compared with
eubacteria
Fermentation unit
Total lipids of Archaeobacteria- 5% of cell dry
weight
Core lipids :-Branched, 5-carbon repeating
units forming phytanyl chains (fully saturated)
that are linked via ether bonds to the sn-2,3
carbons of the glycerol backbone.
Polar head- Phospho,glyco, hydroxy,polyol,amino,
Bra
Sa nche
tur
ate d
Ethe d
r
Archaeosomes Un
Un bra
sa nch
Este tu
ra ed
r ted
Conventional liposomes
Genus Core lipid content
1.Methanogens
a.Methanobacteriales Archaeol lipid(15-90%)
b.Methanococcales Caldarcheol
c.Methanomicrobiales (0-65%)
2 .Halophiles
a. Halobacterials Archaeol lipid(100%)
3.Thermophiles (s-metabolizing)
a.sulfolabales Mainly
b.thermoproteals Caldarchaeol
4.Intermediate group
a.Thermoplasmales Miscellaneous
b.Archaeglobales combination
c.Thermococcales
Transition temperature
Ester lipids have well-defined phase transition
temperatures (Tc) ⇒ (0 to 60°C.)
Archaeol lipids-no known phase transition
temperature in -60 to +80°C(lipids in fluid state)
Attributed to the branched nature of the phytanyl
chains
Caldarchaeol may undergo phase transition
(-30to+ 15°C), but enthalpy changes are7 fold lower
than those seen with ester lipids, & the presence of
archaeol lipids may quench the phase transition
Lipid membrane of archaeosomes
Entirely bilayer (exclusively from archaeol lipids /
with mixtures of archaeols & monopolar lipids)
Monolayer (exclusively from caldarchaeol lipids)
Combination of mono and bilayers (caldarchaeol
and archaeols)
Particle size
Size of archaeosomes depends on the method used
for their formation &on lipid composition
Inner radius of vesicles increases, as the amount of
caldarchaeol lipid increases
Caldarchaeol lipids larger vesicles
Archeol lipids smaller vesicles
Therefore, it is possible to