objective

To power a home by solar(renewable)energy Installing PV solar panels for energy need in home Producing our own power for our need Producing power with very low pollution

Energy Demands?
Increase in energy demands on markets Reasons industry development increasing Population Comfort living electronics generation depleting fossil fuels

Going for Renewable

Depleting of Fossil fuels Fossil fuels by current production

Coal-118 years Oil - 46 years Gas -59 years

Time to develop clean and sustainable power

Types of Renewable energy

Renewable

Energy
Are Here

Solar Wind Hydro Geo-Thermal Biomass Tidal OTEC & other Emerging Technologies

Reason to use renewable energy

Unpredictable increase in conventional fuel cost Reduces negative impact on the environment Cleaner production methods No harmful by-products or pollutants Promotes a clean atmosphere Unlimited supplies Smaller utility bills Energy independence

Common types of solar energy systems

Photovoltaic Systems (PV) solar electric cells are used to convert radiation from the sun into electricity. This can be used for homes and businesses. Solar Thermal Systems for Heating Purposes solar panels collect radiation that is then used to heat water or air. Solar Thermal-Electric Plants for Power Generation solar collectors direct the suns heat so that fluid is heated to a point where it can generate enough steam to run an electricity-producing turbine

Installation of PV solar system

Step 1 is to calculate the daily Watt hour usage of each item. Step 2 is to add up the Watt hour results for all of our appliances. This will give the total daily Watt hours required. Step 3 is to find the total battery capacity required by multiplying the day Watt hour figure by 2. This way, we will only discharge the batteries to about 50% capacity for increasing performance and battery life. Step 4 is to determine the number of solar panels we need. For this step we will divide our total daily Watt hours by our solar panel wattage times the hours of sunshine.

House appliances
Rest room: Light 2->15w;washing machine 1->750w Kitchen: Mixer1->750w;light 1->15w;grinder 1->1200w; E fan 1->40w Hall: Light 2->15w;fridge 1->600w;fan 1->60w; TV 1->100w;system 1->150w;dvd player 1>18w; Iron box 1->1100w Corrider: Bed room: Light 1->15w;fan 1->55w; Charger 1->4w Pooja hall: Light 1->15w; Bed room: Light 1->15w;AC 1->1500w; Charger 1->4w

Step:1 Calculations

Power = Energy / Time In particular, for electrical power we use the "Watt" (named after the scientist James Watt)
The wattage of a listed/approved appliance can usually be found near the AC power cord. Sometimes only the voltage (120) and amps (example 1.5) are given. From ohms law P=E*I P =120*1.5=180W

Power calculation

Watt hour of the appliance=Watts*operating hours 1 kilo-watt hour (1 unit)= the energy delivered by 1000 watts of power over a one hour time period.

Example: If you leave a 100 watt light on for two hour, then the total energy you used was: Energy = Power x Time = (100 W) x 2 hours =200Wh

Audit
appliance numbers Wattage(W Working ) hours 15 60 600 100 18 1100 150 6 8 4 8 3 1/2 2 Watt hours (W h) 180 480 2400 800 54 550 300 L L A H Light Fan Fridge TV Dvd Iron box system 2 1 1 1 1 1 1

Audit
appliance numbers Wattage(W Operating ) hours 15 4 1500 55 15 1200 6 1 4 8 6 1 Watt hours (W h) 180 8 6000 440 90 1200 corridor Bed light charger AC fan light Motor pump 2 2 1 1 1 1

light

15

15

pooja

Audit
appliance numbers Wattage(W Operating ) hours 750 1200 15 40 750 15 10/60 1/2 6 1 1/2 1 Watt hours (W h) 125 600 90 40 375 30 Rest room kitchen Mixer grinder light E fan Washing machine light 1 1 1 1 1 2

Results in Watt hours

type Hall Bed room Kitchen Pooja room Corridor Rest room total Total Watt hours used per day(round off) Watt hours 4764 6628 855 15 1290 405 13957 14000

Watt hour to be generated

Daily Watt hour used/needed=13957Wh So we have to generate for Watt hour considering losses in the system System losses is about 20%-30% Watt hour to be generated/day =(13957*30)/100+13957 =18144.1Wh Watt hour(round off) =18000Wh/day

Battery Watt hour calculation

Stores energy for supplying to electrical appliances when there is a demand. Battery life and efficiency mainly depends on amount of discharge. 50% of discharge gives a maximum life span Therefore 18000 watts Hr *2 =36000 watts Hr So we want 36000 watt hour storage battery

Battery Amp hour calculation

Batteries normally mention in amp hours(Ah) rating with voltage rating of 6V or 12 V DC Battery Ampere hours required (for 12V) =Watt hour/voltage =36000/12=3000Ah We require 3000Ah battery bank

No of Battery

Normally batteries are available in Ah range of 40, 60, 80, 100 and 200. For better economy, select 100Ah battery. For easier portability, separation for maintenance work ,exchange in case of damage Number of batteries required= 3000/100 =30 batteries

Inverter selection

Inverter to convert 12 VDC to 120 VAC. Peak load for a day =( refrigerator+ AC +mixer + fan+ light + TV) =600 +1500 +750 + 60 + 15*2 + 100 =3040W For safety, the inverter should be considered 25-30% bigger size. Inverter size=(3040*(30/100)+3040)= 3942VA =4000VA Taking 2 nos,2000VA inverter then configure them in parallel, we can double our power. If two compatible inverters are stacked in series we can double the output voltage (stacking)

Panel selection

consider that on a sunny day, at solar noon, the sunlight at the surface of the Earth delivers about 1000 watts (one kilowatt) per square meter. A typical photovoltaic solar cell can convert about 15% of this to electricity, that is, about 150 watts (the best cells in the laboratory can go somewhat higher, up to about 34%, or 340 watts). Now power would need to our home. Assuming 15% percent efficient solar cells (so that we can capture 150 watts per square meter when the sun is shining), the total power will be given by: Power = (Area of solar panels) x 150 watts/m2

Panel selection

Plugging this into the formula above for energy, and the hours of sunlight for the time, we find: Energy generated per day = (Area of solar panels) x 150 watts/m2 x (hours of sunlight) solving for the Area, we find: Area of panels required = (Energy to be generated per day)/(150 watts/m2 x (hours of sunlight))

Panel selection

Suppose we have 6 good hours of sunlight during the day. Then, using the formula above, the area in solar panels to obtain the average household draw of 18 kilo-watt-hours per day would be Area needed = 18,000 watt-hours / ( 150 watts/m2 x6 hours ) = 20 square meters =250 square feet(round off) It can be seen that this figure is an area of 10 feet by 25 feet, much less than the roof area of a typical house.

Solar panel details

No of panels

Considering system is powered by 12Vdc , 80Wp PV module Total Wp of PV panel capacity needed =18000 / 6 = 3000Wp Number of PV panels needed = 3000/ 80 = 37.5 modules Actual requirement =38modules

Solar charge controller sizing

Regulates the voltage and current coming from the PV panels going to battery and prevents battery overcharging and prolongs the battery life.

The solar charge controller is typically rated against Amperage and Voltage capacities.
PV module specification Pm = 80 Wp Vm = 17.2 Vdc Im = 4.65 A Voc = 20.7 A Isc = 4.8 A

Solar charge controller rating = (38 module x 4.8A) x 1.3 = 237.12A

So the solar charge controller should be rated 240 A at 12 V or greater.

Typical connection

General layout

Solar panel AC LOAD

controller

battery CBC

inverter

MAIN

Payback analysis

Average Capital cost Panel cost Battery cost Inverter cost Charge controller cost Cable cost Total cost(round off)

= = = = = =

540000 200000 20000 30000 5000 800000

Payback analysis

Units used per day=14 units Units used per 2month basis=840

Electricity bill detail by TNEB for domestic

Upto 50(1.10) 51-100(1.30) = = 55 65

101-200(2.60)
201-600(3.50) Above 600(5.75)

= 260
= 1400 = 1380

Total electricity cost/2m = 3160

Total electricity cost/year=18960

Payback analysis

Considering maintenance cost as 20%of yearly electricity bill Maintenance cost = 3792 Net electricity bill/year =18960-3792=15168 Payback period =(Capital cost)/(net bill per year) =800000/15168 = 52years

Payback periods

For domestic purposes payback period =52 years nearly If it is commercial building then (5.50per unit cost) Payback period =36 years nearly

Government subsidies

The Tamil Nadu Energy Development Agency (TEDA) is a Nodal Agency of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Government of India for the promotion of Renewable Energy schemes in the State. For grid interactive solar power generation a maximum amount of Rs.12.00 per Kwh would be provided as incentive for electricity generated from solar photovoltaics and Rs.10.00 per Kwh for electricity generated through the solar thermal route and fed to the grid from a power plant of 1 MW capacity and above. The Government of India (MNRE) is providing soft loan @ 2% to domestic users, 3% to institutional users not availing accelerated depreciation and 5% to industrial / commercial users availing depreciation through IREDA and Public / Private sector banks etc. Capital subsidy equivalent to upfront interest subsidy @ RS.1100/- per sq.m

conclusion

Due to very often and unpredictable increase in fuel cost and demands definitely the electrical bill also be raised in future Also by technology development in PV panels the electricity cost for PV generation will be reduced At one time in future conventional power cost equals non conventional cost So produce our own power for our own needs by using renewable energy and conserve fossil fuel for some more years Leave clean environment for our future generation

THANK YOU