Mec2 1

Recent World’s Energy Overview
Prepared by
Prof. Dr. A. R. El-Ghalban

Department of Mechanical Engineering
University of Engineering and Technology
Taxila, Pakistan
PEC Solar Energy Technology (MEC-2) UET-Taxila

Energy!
Energy! has without any doubt an

enormous influence on our society.
It determines to a large degree our
welfare, our comfort and our mobility.

Energy !
Definitions
 Energy is a property of every physical
system, describing its ability to perform
work.
 When energy is released it is converted to
either work (which implies motion of bodies
or matter) or another form of energy such
that the sum of work and other forms of
energy is always conserved.
Energy!
 Forms of Energy
 Kinetic energy
 Potential energy
 Thermal energy
 Chemical energy
 Radiant energy
 Electrical energy

Energy!
Renewable & Non-Renewable energy resources
 Renewable energy resource is that to be replaced
rapidly by natural processes.
 Non-Renewable energy resource is that to be not
replaced or is replaced only very slowly by natural
processes.

Energy!
 Energy Units
 Joule:
1 J = work done by a force of 1 Newton moving a
body over a distance of 1 meter
or
work needed to bring to a halt 1 kg mass moving at
a speed of 1 m/s
or
work need to lift 1 kg mass to a height of 10.194 cm.

Energy!
 Units of Energy (continued)
 Joule:
1 J = 1 newton.metre = 1 kg.m/s2.m = 1 kg.(m/s)2

 Erg:
1 Erg = g cm2/ s2 = 1×10−7 J.
 Calorie:
1 Cal = amount of heat needed to raise the
temperature of 1 g of distilled water by 1 K at sea
level and normal temperature (15°C).
1 Cal = 4.185 J
Energy!
 Units of Energy (continued)
 British Thermal Unit:
1 BTU = amount of heat needed to raise the
temperature of 1 lb. of water from 63°F to 64°F.
1 BTU = 252 Cal = 1054.6 J
 kilowatt-hour:
1 (kW h) = 3.6×106 J
 Electronvolt (eV):
1eV = 1.60217653×10−19 J

History of Mankind with The Energy
 Ancient discovery of fire and the possibility of

burning wood made large amount of energy
available for mankind, for the first time.
 Later (about 4000 years B.C.) cultural development
began to accelerate.
 For several thousands years human energy demands
were covered only by renewable energy sources.

 This remained only until the start of industrial
revolution and the ability to transform heat into
motion.
 Then industrial development and energy
consumption accelerated rapidly.
 The revolution of energy technology based mainly on
fossil fuels.
 It changed from the use of coal deposits to oil and
natural gas fields on a global scale.

 It is only half a century since nuclear power began
being used as an energy resource.
 Fundamental shift in the energy picture can be

found in the enormous increase of energy demand
since the middle of the last century.
 After this fossil-based period world nears the

beginning of another major transition, away from
fossil fuels and towards renewable energy
resources once again.

 The last two centuries saw massive increase in

global energy use, based mainly on burning cheap
and plentiful fossil fuels.
 World population rose between 1900 and 2000 nearly
four folds meanwhile primary energy use increased
about twenty folds.

 Firewood used for the most of the 19 century.
 By the beginning 20 century coal was the dominant
energy source.
 During the 1920s, oil in turn began to challenge and
by the 1970s had overtaken it as the leading
contributor to world supplies.
 By then, natural gas was also making a very
substantial contribution, with nuclear energy and
hydro power also supplying smaller but significant
amounts.

Energy Resources and Sustainability.
 What does Sustainability mean ?
 Sustainability is the newest expression for the ethic
involving human’s relationship with the environment,
and the current generation's responsibility to future
generations.
 Sustainability is a concept that links the
interconnected components of economic,
environmental, and human social issues.

 Sustainability means efficient use of resources for

effective development that meets the needs of the
present without disgracing the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs.

 What is then sustainable energy resource?

 Which does not depleted by continued use.
 Whose usage does not involve the emission of
pollutants or other hazards to the environment on a
substantial scale.

Conclusions
 Energy is a universal wealth has provided to the
whole of mankind.
 Every thing we see around us has cost a lot more to
create (in terms of fuel consumption) than most of us
are aware.
 Small car costs about five times more energy to build
than it will actually consume in fuel during a service
life of 200,000 miles.
 We (engineers) have to adopt the genuine philosophy
of ‘build it’ to last forever, ‘maintain it’ to make it last
forever.

Conclusions II
 Giving us the freedom to organize our lives, God
does not, however, free us from our responsibility
towards His Creation.
 We must manage the Creation as good parents.
 The options and decisions that mankind takes must
be in harmony with the godly order. They must, in first
instance, aim at the well-being of the whole of
humanity nowadays and tomorrow.
 We must deal carefully with energy to make sure that
the future generations will find enough energy.

Conclusions III
 Moreover we must utilize energy and raw material
wisely: it is the moral obligation of our generation
because energy and raw material shortage involves
economic decline and poverty.
 We must take care of the quality of life of the future
generations as well as our’s.
 We have to handle energy rationally which means;

 Economically and,
 Efficiently.

Thank you

Increase in primary energy use
Increase in world population

World primary energy consumption

Forecast for world primary energy consumption

Oil product consumption – by region

Gas Section

Natural gas reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios

Natural gas consumption per capita

Coal Section

Nuclear Energy Section

Nuclear energy consumption by area

Hydro Power Section

Hydroelectricity consumption by area

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Recent World’s Energy Overview

Prof. Dr. A. R. El-Ghalban

PEC Solar Energy Technology (MEC-2) UET-Taxila

Energy! has without any doubt an

PEC Solar Energy Technology (MEC-2) UET-Taxila

PEC Solar Energy Technology (MEC-2) UET-Taxila

PEC Solar Energy Technology (MEC-2) UET-Taxila

PEC Solar Energy Technology (MEC-2) UET-Taxila

1 J = 1 newton.metre = 1 kg.m/s2.m = 1 kg.(m/s)2

PEC Solar Energy Technology (MEC-2) UET-Taxila

 Ancient discovery of fire and the possibility of

PEC Solar Energy Technology (MEC-2) UET-Taxila

PEC Solar Energy Technology (MEC-2) UET-Taxila

 Fundamental shift in the energy picture can be

 After this fossil-based period world nears the

PEC Solar Energy Technology (MEC-2) UET-Taxila

 The last two centuries saw massive increase in

PEC Solar Energy Technology (MEC-2) UET-Taxila

PEC Solar Energy Technology (MEC-2) UET-Taxila

PEC Solar Energy Technology (MEC-2) UET-Taxila

 Sustainability means efficient use of resources for

PEC Solar Energy Technology (MEC-2) UET-Taxila

 What is then sustainable energy resource?

PEC Solar Energy Technology (MEC-2) UET-Taxila

PEC Solar Energy Technology (MEC-2) UET-Taxila

PEC Solar Energy Technology (MEC-2) UET-Taxila

 We have to handle energy rationally which means;

PEC Solar Energy Technology (MEC-2) UET-Taxila

PEC Solar Energy Technology (MEC-2) UET-Taxila

Increase in world population

PEC Solar Energy Technology (MEC-2) UET-Taxila

PEC Solar Energy Technology (MEC-2) UET-Taxila

PEC Solar Energy Technology (MEC-2) UET-Taxila

PEC Solar Energy Technology (MEC-2) UET-Taxila

PEC Solar Energy Technology (MEC-2) UET-Taxila

PEC Solar Energy Technology (MEC-2) UET-Taxila

PEC Solar Energy Technology (MEC-2) UET-Taxila

PEC Solar Energy Technology (MEC-2) UET-Taxila

PEC Solar Energy Technology (MEC-2) UET-Taxila

PEC Solar Energy Technology (MEC-2) UET-Taxila

PEC Solar Energy Technology (MEC-2) UET-Taxila

PEC Solar Energy Technology (MEC-2) UET-Taxila

PEC Solar Energy Technology (MEC-2) UET-Taxila

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