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Roman Art: The earliest Roman art is generally associated with the overthrow of the Etruscan kings and the establishment of the Republic in 509 BC.
Copycats:
While the traditional view of Roman artists is that they often borrowed from, and copied Greek precedents (much of the Greek sculpture known today is in the form of Roman marble copies), more recent analysis has indicated that Roman art is a highly creative pastiche relying heavily on Greek models but also encompassing Etruscan, native Italic, and even Egyptian visual culture. Stylistic eclecticism and practical application are the hallmarks of much Roman art.
Republic Pompeii And The Cities Of Vesuvius Early Empire High Empire Late Empire
Major Art Forms: Architecture Painting Sculpture Mosaic Work
The surviving portraits of prominent Roman Republican figures appear to be literal reproductions of individual faces. Although their style derives to some degree form Hellenistic and Etruscan, and perhaps even Ptolemaic Egyptian, portraits, Republican portraits are one way the patrician class celebrated its elevated position in society. These patricians did not ask sculptors to make them appear nobler than they were. Instead, they requested brutally realistic images of distinctive features.
It was also the practice in sculpture during the Republican period to place portrait heads on youthful, heroic bodies.
dictator perpetuus
Amphitheater
Pompeii, Italy | ca. 80 B.C.E.
First Style wall painting fauces of the Samnite House, Herculaneum, Italy
late 2nd century B.C.E. fresco
Cubiculum (bedroom)
still life with peaches Detail of 4th style wall painting Herculaneum, Italy
ca. 62-79 C.E. fresco 1 ft. 2 in. x 1 ft. 1 1/2 in.
Maison Care
Maison Care
Nimes, France | ca. 1-10 C.E.
Pont-du-Gard
Nimes, France
ca. 16 B.C.E.
Portrait of Carcalla
ca. 211-217 C.E. marble 14 in. high
Model of an Insula
Sarcophagus of a Philosopher
270-280 C.E. | marble | 4 ft. 11 in. high
The great head is carved in a typical, abstract, Constantinian of late Roman portrait statues, whereas the other body parts are naturalistic, even down to callused toes and bulging forearm veins.
Basilica Nova
Architectural styles (arches & columns, domes, sculptures, frescoes, mosaics...) Efficient highway system (still followed today by modern roads) Mass entertainment : stadiums & amphitheatres (ancestors of modern stadiums) Aqueducts and viaducts (the world's first bridges to cross valleys) Thermal baths, central heating and floor heating Wine-making (creating a lasting tradition in France, Italy, Spain...) Roman alphabet (the world's most widespread writing system) Latin language and descendants + influence on other European languages Roman legal system (basis of many European legal system to this day) The Republic & Senate (inspiration for modern democracies) The Julian Calendar (including current names of the months) Festivals (Carnival, Christmas, etc. had Roman origins) The 3 course meal (starter, main dish, desert) Arch + Dome + Concrete
Sources http://www.wadsworth.com/art_d/templates/student_resources/015505 0907_kleiner/studyguide/ch10/ch10_1.html http://websites.swlearning.com/cgiwadsworth/course_products_wp.pl?fid=M20b&product_isbn_issn=0155 050907&discipline_number=436 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_art Art Through the Ages, 12th/11th ed., Gardner