Chapter 9

Acids and Bases

Strengths of Acids and Bases

Making Dilutions

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 Strengths of Acids and Bases
Strong acids completely ionize (100%) in
aqueous solutions

HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl- (100 % ions)

Strong bases completely (100%) dissociate into
ions in aqueous solutions.
NaOH Na+ (aq) + OH-(aq)
(100 % ions)
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 NH3, A Bronsted-Lowry Base
When NH3 reacts with water, most of the
reactants remain dissolved as molecules, but a
few NH3 reacts with water to form NH4+ and
hydroxide ion.

NH3 + H2O NH4+(aq) + OH- (aq)

acceptor donor

+ +
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 Strong and Weak
Acids and Bases
Strong acids
HCl, HNO3 , H2SO4
Most other acids are weak.

Strong bases
NaOH, KOH, and Ca(OH)2
Most other bases are weak.
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 Learning Check SW1

Identify each of the following as a

1) strong acid or base 2) weak acid
3) weak base
A. ___ HCl (aq)
B. ___ NH3(aq)
C. ___ NaOH (aq)
D. ___ H2CO3 (aq)
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 Solution SW1

Identify each of the following as a

1) strong acid or base 2) weak acid
3) weak base
A. _1__ HCl (aq)
B. _3__ NH3(aq)
C. _1__ NaOH (aq)
D. _2__ H2CO3 (aq)
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 Antacids
Used to neutralize stomach acid (HCl)
Many contain one or more weak bases
Alka-Seltzer: NaHCO3, citric acid, and aspirin

Di-gel: CaCO3 and Mg(OH)2

Gelusil: Al(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2

Maalox: Al(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2

Mylanta: Al(OH) 3 and

LecturePLUS
Mg(OH)2
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 More Antacids

Milk of Magnesia: Mg(OH)2

Rolaids: AlNa(OH)2CO3

aluminum sodium dihydroxy carbonate

Tums: CaCO3

Tempo: CaCO3, Al(OH)3, Mg(OH)2

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 Dilutions
 Add water
 Volume increases.
 New concentration is less than initial

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 Concentration of A Diluted
Solution
A 25 mL sample of a 6.0 M KOH is diluted by
adding 75 mL of water. Calculate the new
concentration of the KOH solution.

Moles KOH = 0.025 L x 6.0 moles = 0.15 moles

1L
New volume = 25 mL + 75 mL = 100. mL = 0.100 L
New molarity = 0.15 moles = 1.5 M
0.100 L
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 Learning Check SW 2
A 125 mL sample of a 3.0 M HCl is diluted
by adding 250 mL of water. The new
concentration of the HCl solution is
1) 8.0 M
2) 1.5 M
3) 1.0 M

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 Solution SW 2

3) 1.0 M
moles HCl = 0.250 L x 3.0 moles = 0.75 mole
1L

new M = 0.75 mole 1.0 M HCl

0.750 L
(new volume)

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 Learning Check SW 3
A 50.0 mL sample of 15% sucrose solution is
diluted by adding 200. mL of water. The new
concentration of the sucrose solution is
1) 3.0 %
2) 7.5 %
3) 10. %

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 Learning Check SW 3
A 50.0 mL sample of 15% sucrose solution is
diluted by adding 200. mL of water. The new
concentration of the sucrose solution is
1) 3.0 %
g sucrose = 50.0 mL x 15 g sucrose = 7.5 g
100 mL
new % = 7.5 g sucrose = 3.0 % sucrose
250 mL
(new volume)
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