THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Nervous System Click to edit Master subtitle style

The nervous system of the human being is responsible for sending, receiving, and processing nerve impulses throughout the body. Control the functions of the several parts of the human body Composed of billions of neuron It could be considered as the master control unit inside your body. The nervous system is a very complex system in the body. An organ system containing a network of specialized cells called neurons.
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The Cells in the Nervous System

1. Nuerons Cells

the core components of the nervous system , which includes the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral ganglia.

2. Glial Cells

Are non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis , form myelin, and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system. The glial cells surround neurons and provide support for them and insulation between them. Most abundant cell types in the central nervous 4/15/12 system

Three Types of Glial Cells

1. .

Astrocytes Are concerned with neurotransmission and neuronal metabolism. They perform many functions, including biochemical support of endothelial cells that form the blood brain barrier.

2. .

Oligodendrocytes Are involved in the production of myelin, the insulating material around neurons. Type of brain cell.
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3.

Microglia

Three Major Organ of the Nervous System

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Nerve Cells

Nerve cell are called neuron Its main function is to deliver messages Consists of a central portion containing the nucleus, known as the cell body and one or more structures referred as axons and dendrites. Nerve cells work two ways between the brain and the spinal cord in the central nervous system: they carry messages to the brain from the rest of the body and they carry messages from the brain to the rest of the body.

Kinds of Nerve Cell 1. Motor Nerve

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3. . .

Mixed Nerve Contain both motor and sensory fibers Carry information in the form of impulses to and from the central nervous system.

v. .

Brain Portion of the central nervous system contained within the skull. The control center for movements, sleep, hunger, thirst, and virtually every other vital activity necessary to survival. All human emotions including love, hate, fear, anger , elation , and sadness are controlled by the brain.
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Spinal Cord Carries information receptors throughout the body to the brain and from the brain to effectors (muscles and glands). Play an important role in various reflexes. This part of the central nervous axis contained within the vertebral or neutral canal.

Two Parts of the Nervous System

1. Central Nervous System

It includes the brain and the spinal cord Its process incoming sensory information and sends outgoing motor commands. The "control center" for the entire body and regulates how the 4/15/12 body will function.

2. . . .

Peripheral Nervous System Includes all neural tissue outside the central nervous system It is divided into motor and sensory system. The peripheral nervous system which includes nerves in the organs, muscles, arms, and legs.

v. 1. . .

Two Division of Peripheral System Somatic Nervous System Concerned with sensory and motor functions. The Somatic or skeletal motor system allows voluntary control over skeletal muscle with a few exceptions.
4/15/12 Autonomic Nervous System

2.

Division of the Autonomic Nervous System

1. . . .

Sympathetic Readies the body expenditure of energy. Increases heart beat Helps to regulate heart action , the secretion of the ductless glands, blood supply in the arteries, the action of smooth muscles of the stomach and intestine and the activity of the other internal organs. Sometimes called the fight of Flight system.

2. Parasympathetic
.

Connect many of the same visceral organ as the sympathetic 4/15/12 system,

Diseases of Nervous System

1. Genetic Malpormation 2. Metabolic Defect

Any of the diseases or disorders that disrupt normal metabolism the process of converting food to energy on a cellular level.

3. Vascular Disorder

A form of cardiovascular disease primarily affecting the blood vessels. A pathological state of large and medium sized muscular arteries and is triggered by endothelial cell dysfunction.

4. .

Degeneration A disease process that causes a gradual deterioration in the

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5. .

Multiple Sclerosis often progressive of the central nervous system that attacks and destroys tissue in the brain and spinal cord.

6. .

Alzheimer Disease Disease marked by the loss of cognitive ability, generally over a period of 10 to 15 years, and associated with the development of abnormal tissues and protein deposits in the cerebral cortex.

7. .

Weber Syndrome This syndrome is due to damage to the structures at the base of the midbrain including the third cranial nerve and the corticospinal and corticobulbar fibers in the cerebral peduncle.
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9. Parinaud Syndrome

Also called dorsal midbrain or collicular syndrome, This disorder is characterized by an upward fixed gaze and pupil.

10. Tourette Syndrome

This syndrome begins in childhood and manifests itself through various forms of tics. These tics include frequent, irregular movements of the head, neck, or shoulders.

11. Ocked-In Syndrome

This syndrome is due to stroke, tumor or trauma to the ventral part of the rostral pons.

12.Parkinson Disease

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Vascular Disorders
1. Cerebral Hemorrhage

a form of stroke in which there is bleeding from a cerebral blood vessel into the surrounding brain tissue. It is generally caused by degenerative disease of the arteries and high pressure.

Disorders of the Nervous System

1. Neuralgia

pain in a nerve pathway.

2. Migraine

4/15/12 is usually periodic attacks of headaches on one or both sides of

4. Cerebral Palsy

A disorder usually caused by brain damage occurring at or before birth and marked by muscular impairment. Often accompanied by poor coordination, it sometimes involves speech and learning difficulties.

5. Neuritis

A disease of the peripheral nerves showing the pathological changes of inflammation.

6. Motor Neurone Disease

A progressive degenerative disease of the motor system occurring in middle age and causing muscle weakness and wasting.

7. Bell's Palsy

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The Nervous System is Subject to Infection

1. Bacteria 2. Parasites 3. Viruses

Definition of terms

Synapses the space between endings of neuron processes

Dendrites the fiber that carry impulses to the cell body

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Meninges

Acetycholine this substance transmits the impulse to muscles fibers which begin in the process of the contraction .

Cholinesterase neutralizes acetycholine and causes the muscles fibers to relax.

Myelitis is an inflammation of the spinal cord

Neuritis is an inflammation of a nerve 4/15/12

Thank You For Listening!

Prepared by:
4/15/12 , Salvacion D De Guia