WRITING 2 IKHSAN PUTRA KURNIAWAN

Modul 1

Goals

Describing things Notes about offering and invitation Opinion about someone

Contents

Part A
Grammar: Adverbials
Writing:

Describing things

Part B
Grammar:

Offer and Invitation Writing: Offer and Invitation

Part C
Grammar:

Used to Writing: Opinion about someone

Part A

Grammar:
Adverbials

Writing:
Describing

things

Adverbials

Adverb, Adverb Phrase, Preposition Phrase Verb/Object + Adverbial Adverbials of manner(how), place(where) and time(when) Order: adverbials of manner, place, time

1. Adverbial is an adverb

She is smiling sweetly. My father walks quitely.

2. Adverbial of manner, place, time

Sodiq drives carelessly. Risha walked with great effort to reach the whiteboard. Lani found a piece of paper near the body. Deni was crying on his dead mom. Paidjo died in 2001. The new building will be opened soon.

3. Adverbials of manner, place,time

Verb + Adverbials of manner, place, time

Medina

came immediately. Medina is singing on the stage. Medina is singing now.

If there is an object, put Adverbials after the object

Mujahid

reads the novel enthusiastically. Khalid is listening to the songs in the bedroom. Humaizi returned my book yesterday.

3. Adverbials of manner, place,time

If more than one adverbials:

Manner

-> place -> time

Didin delivered his speech confidently in the party last night.

4. Adverbials of frequency, probability and duration

Put it before verb

The

letter occasionally comes late. I have already paid the school fee.

Adverbs of degree (before Verb)

She

really wanted to come.

5. Different location of adverbials

To emphasize about adverb.

Slowly,

the Titanic sank. In September 11, 2001, the WTC buildings were hit by two airplanes.

The order of Adverbials of manner -> place -> time can be changed (to emphasize)
Umi

delivered her speech confidently in the party last night. Last night, Umi delivered her speech confidently in the party.

Writing: Describing things

Made in (country)

Made in Indonesia, Made in England, Made in Hongkong, etc.

Made by Dewi, Made by Apri, Made by Stenly, etc. Ade of wood, Made of iron, Made of lime, Made of Steel, etc. Made from flour, eggs, milk, cheese, and butter.

Made by (person)

Made of (one material)

Made from (more then one)

Describing things

Vacuum cleaner. Vacuum cleaner is ade from plastic, iron, and other metals. The shape comes in varies. The simplest one is like a bar of iron but it has a hole in the edge to the vacuum the dust. We usually find the bigger ones at hotels or buildings. The shape, of course, is different from the simplest one. The bigger one is like a tube and it has a long hose to vacuum the dust. At the end of the hose, there is a broom. It looks like the elephants trunk.

Part B

Grammar:
Offer

and Invitation
and Invitation

Writing:
Offer

Suggestion
1.

2.
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Could Shall we You might What about How about Why dont Lets

1. Could

To suggest someone to do something:

You could turn the TV on. They could have a party.

Negative form Couldnt means to suggest someone to do something.

Couldnt you stop smoking? Couldnt she do it quitely?

2. Shall we

To suggest someone to do it together with us.

Shall

we start now? Shall we change the topic?

Shall I: to do it by yourself.
Shall

I call your mother? Shall I write your name on the top of the page?

3. You might

You might + like/want = formal suggestion

You

might want to have another soup

Another form: It might be + Noun/Adj./to inf.

It

might be a good idea to go shopping. It might be happy to have a new car.

4. What about or how about

+ing
What

about singing foksongs? How about reading a novel?

5. Why dont

+ infinitive(V1)
Why

dont you talk to her directly? Why dont they submit the homework?

6. Lets

Lets(Let us) + infinitive(V1)

Lets

see Mr. Apri in the restaurant. Lets go camping.

Offer and Invitation

1.

2.
3. 4.

Would you like Can I or Could I You have Other forms

1. Would you like

To offer or invite someone to do something.

Would

you like smomething to drink? Would you like to spell your name, please?

Will you (informal form)

I

know Lani very well. So I say Will you have another coffee? Will ou come to my party, Lani?

2. Can I or Could I

To offer something to someone Could I (more formal), Can I (less formal)

Coud

I help you with the menu, madam? Can I carry your bag?

Shall I to offer something that we believe he/she will accept it.

Shall

I open the window? Shall I fill the form for you, sir?

3. You have

To inivite someone persuasively.

You

have to come before dinner. You have to see your teacher for she is in the hospital now.

4. Other form of offer and invitation

Without modal: Let me, to offer something

Let

me send the letter. Let me wash your car.

In informal form: imperative

Have

a drink. Come and see me.

4. Other form of offer and invitation

Do + Verb, to emphasize
Do

come. Do have a beer.

Why dont you or How about

Why

dont you come to my house? How about ordering rendang?

Part C

Grammar:
Used

to
about someone

Writing:
Opinion

Grammar: Used to

Something that happened regularly in the past but no longer happens. 1. S + Used to + inf.(V1) 2. S + Used to + adj./adv./noun

S + Used to + inf.(V1)

Positive form: S + Used to + inf.(V1)

I

used to smoke. Hasan used to drive a taxi. They used to play card.

Negative form: S + did not + use to + inf.(V1)

I

did not use to wake up early in the morning.

(Now I always wake up early)

Interrogative form: Did + S + use to + inf.(V1)?

Did

you use to work with computer?

S + Used to + adj./adv./noun

Imperative form:
Did + S + use to + be +adj./adv./noun? Did you use to be a pilot?

Used to

If the activity is still happens, eventhough it is not frequently, used to can not be used.
When

I was in college I smoked. Now, I only smoke when I hang around with my collegemates.

Writing: Opinion about someone

My lecturers name is Ms. Flora I like my lecturer very much, She teaches grammar. She is a lovely person, patient and well communicated. She dresses beautifully to the class. She always greets the students in a good manner. If we have a problem, she is always ready to discuss it. She never gets angry. She is fair in marking our exams. Its nice to be her student.

HomeWork

Describing things Notes about offering and invitation Opinion about someone

Modal

Can Could May Might MustOught to Shall Should Will Would