At the end of this presentation, the students

should be able to :

 Identify given surface texture symbols and explain their

meanings
 Select the type of surface texture, given charts relating
surface textures to applications, and attainable surface
textures to manufacturing processes.
 Indicate on engineering drawings, surface textures as
well as machining processes using standard ISO symbols.
 Main Menu
1. Introduction

2. Roughness grade 3. Symbols Used for Indication

numbers of Surface Texture

4. Indication on
Drawings

5. When to Apply
Surface Texture Symbols
 1. Introduction

• Two main reasons for surface finish

control are:

• to reduce friction

• to reduce wear
 1. Introduction
• Factors to be considered in selecting surface
finish:
• (i) function of the parts
• (ii) size
• (iii) type of loading (e.g. fatigue)
• (iv) speed
• (v) operating conditions (e.g. temperature)
• (vi) physical characteristics of materials in contact
• (vii) type and amount of lubricant.
 2. Roughness grade numbers
(Boundy Page 46)

Roughness Roughness
Value (Ra) Grade Number
µm µ in
50 2000 N12
25 1000 N11
12.5 500 N10
6.3 250 N9
3.2 125 N8
1.6 63 N7
0.8 32 N6
0.4 16 N5
0.2 8 N4
0.1 4 N3
micrometre = 10-6m = µm = micron = 40 µinch
 3. Symbols Used for Indication of Surface Texture (Table 1)

S/No Symbol Meaning

1 Basic symbol. Needs to be accompanied by comments or
Specifications e.g. ‘to be machined if necessary‘.

2
Removal of material is required

3
Removal of material is not permitted

Production method to be specified by indicating on the

Horizontal line extending out. Surface treatment or coatings are
4
also included here.

5 Same surface texture is required on all surfaces of

the part
S/No
S/No Symbol Meaning

When one value ‘a‘ is indicated, it represents the maximum

6 Roughness allowed. ‘a‘ may be in roughness value or
Roughness grade number.

When two values a1 and a2 are indicated,

a1 = maximum roughness
7 a2 = minimum roughness

c represents the sampling length in mm

8

10
Lay Symbols (Boundy, Table 1.21, Page 50)
Lay Symbols (Boundy, Table 1.21, Page 50)
Lay Symbols (Boundy, Table 1.21, Page 50)
 2.5
5
 4. Indication on Drawing

bottomright side
symbolinscriptions
outside
 4. Indication on Drawing

Extension line

Dimension line

Leader line

Surface
 4. Indication on Drawing

majority
4. Indication on Drawing
4. Indication on Drawing
 Worked Example
Worked Example

A
D
B Fig.5

C
roughness grade
numbers

µ
µ

is to be machined if necessary
 Worked Example
Worked Example

Solution

ground
A
D N7

B
C lapped Fig.5
N5
N4

to be machined if necessary