INVESTING IN THE PEOPLE OF KENYA

THE SOCIAL PILLAR

OVERVIEW

The social pillar aims to transform 8 key social sectors, namely:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

7.
8.

Education and Training Health Water and Sanitation Environment Housing and Urbanisation Gender Youth Sports and Culture

EDUCATION AND TRAINING

Education equips citizens with understanding and knowledge that enables them to make informed choices about their lives and those facing Kenyan society. Aims to provide the skills that will be required to steer Kenyans to the economic and social goals of Vision 2030.

CHALLENGES FACING EDUCATION AND TRAINING SECTOR

meeting the human resource requirements for a rapidly changing and more diverse economy. high quality education, with relevant content raising the standards of the regions that lag behind in enrolment improving the overall transition rates, particularly from secondary to tertiary levels. Creating a culture of hard work and efficiency and one that values transparency and accountability, respects the rule of law, and is concerned about the environment

LINKAGES BETWEEN EDUCATION AND OTHER SOCIAL SUB-SECTORS

SITUATION ANALYSIS
Today, Kenya has one of the strongest and most diverse human resources pools in the region. enrolment throughout the countrys education system has improved markedly The rate of transition from primary to secondary has registered particularly impressive growth These positive trends will have to be sustained in order to meet training requirements.

ADULT AND YOUTH LITERACY GAPS AND ENROLMENT TRENDS

COMPARATIVE EDUCATION EXPENDITURES

CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

Improving quality at primary school level Raising levels of transition rates Expanding access and equity Relevance: Matching skills to market demand.

MEDIUM-TERM STRATEGIES FOR ACHIEVING 2012 GOALS

HEALTH CARE DELIVERY

Kenya aims to provide equitable and affordable health care at the highest affordable standard to her citizens. The majority of Kenyans still do not have access to affordable health care. The toll inflicted by the most deadly diseases has been falling over the last five years.

SITUATION ANALYSIS
Kenya lags behind countries such as South Africa, Malaysia arid Indonesia in basic health indicators. The distribution of quality health care between the countrys income groups, regions, rural-versus-urban areas, is inequitable.

MORTALITY RATES AND CHILD HEALTH INDICATORS

KEY FOCUS AREAS IN THE HEALTH SECTOR

THE BURDEN OF DISEASE

Poor health imposes a heavy burden on society and slows down economic growth.

LINKAGES OF HEALTH TO THE ECONOMIC PILLAR

STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE HEALTH CARE

Revitalisation of health infrastructure Strengthening health service delivery Developing equitable financing mechanisms

WATER AND SANITATION

The Vision for the water and sanitation sector is to ensure water and improved sanitation availability and access to all by 2030 Kenyans access to water and sanitation is relatively poor compared to countries such as Malaysia and has been declining. All the flagship projects; tourism, agriculture, industry etc will consume additional water Efficient water management will, therefore, not only contribute to sustainable long-term economic growth, but also to poverty reduction, health and security.

SITUATION ANALYSIS
The water abstraction rate (i.e. percentage of all available water taken) in Kenya stands at 5.5 per cent; The amount of water abstracted is below the countrys potential. Provided the right policies are implemented, it should be possible to increase the surface water abstraction six-fold and ground water abstraction seven- fold by 2015.

KENYA WATER AND SANITATION INDICATORS

LINKAGES BETWEEN WATER AND OTHER ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL SECTORS

CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

Addressing water scarcity Improving water security Catchments management Increased demand as a result of population growth and economic development Better water quality Increasing the amount of irrigated land Low level of infrastructure development Water resources monitoring

GOALS FOR 2012

to improve access to safe water and sanitation with the goal of attaining 90 per cent access to safe and reliable water for urban areas and 70 per cent for rural areas Increasing national capacity for water storage and harvesting increase regular monitoring of water resources from the current 30-40 per cent to 70 per cent

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Major developments anticipated by Vision 2030 will affect pollution levels and generate larger quantities of solid waste than at present. This necessitates a strong policy on the environment in order to sustain economic growth while mitigating the impacts of rapid industrialisation. Kenyas current institutional framework to manage the environment, however, is characterised by fragmentation.

SITUATION ANALYSIS
Kenya has made considerable efforts, domestically and internationally, to promote sound environmental policies. The country faces the following challenges

1.
2. 3. 4.

Sustainable management of natural resources Demand for farmland and forest products Wild animals in their natural habitat Environmental degradation

COMPOSITION (IN %) OF KENYAS SOLID WASTE

THE VISION FOR ENVIRONMENT

Conservation Pollution and waste management ASALs and high-risk disaster zones Environmental planning and governance

GENDER, YOUTH AND VULNERABLE GROUPS

Gender equity will be addressed by making fundamental changes in four key areas, namely: opportunity; empowerment; capabilities; and vulnerabilities. Women are disadvantaged in accessing labour markets and productive resources, disempowered at the household, community and national levels and also also underrepresented in social and political leadership

SITUATION ANALYSIS
It is recognised that women are underrepresented at all major decision-making levels within Government. In urban areas, for example, the poverty rate among women stands at 46 per cent compared to 30 per cent among men. Kenyan women also lag behind their male counterparts in the area of empowerment.

STRATEGIES TO REDUCE GENDER DISPARITIES AND ADDRESS VULNERABILITIES

Providing financial support to women Increasing the number of women in Parliament Giving priority to female employees in the public sector Increasing the proportion of women using family planning methods Doubling the number of births attended by skilled health personnel Increasing adult literacy rates of men and women Reducing gender-based violence Reducing the rate of high-risk sex Reducing the male and female population below the poverty line

VULNERABLE GROUPS
Vulnerable groups include widows and widowers, orphans and children at risk, persons with disabilities, under-age mothers, the poor of the poorest, internally and externally displaced persons and the elderly. These groups are faced with high levels of poverty and various forms of deprivation. Savings for old age in Kenya is relatively low at about 18 per cent. The country also has a relatively high dependency rate.

KENYAS DEPENDENCY AND REFUGEE BURDEN

STRATEGIES TO REDUCE VULNERABILITIES

Restructure pension schemes to increase savings for the old and reduce dependency. Encourage savings and other investments among economically-active Kenyans Expand pro-poor financial services Encourage the remittance of more money from Kenyans living abroad Intervene for peace in the region and resolve land issues Enforce the Childrens Act to eliminate child labour Initiate programmes geared towards reducing deaths caused by HIV and AIDS, road carnage and other killer diseases to bring down the number of orphans;

YOUTH
Kenyas population is predominantly young with the age group 15-35 years accounting for approximately38 per cent of the total population. Specific policies and interventions will be implemented to fully develop their potential as well as prepare and engage them in the socio-economic development of the country.

AREAS OF INTERVENTION
Building capacity and empowerment Creating employment opportunities Providing the youth with the necessary support Supporting initiatives that mould character. Strengthening programmes to advance youth health and well-being. Giving the youth a voice to articulate their issues as well as participate in decision making.

CHALLENGES
limited opportunities for educational advancement and technical training limited opportunities for employment high levels of poverty lack of finance or access to credit disproportionate exposure to high health and social risk lack of opportunities and mechanisms to participate in decisions that affect their lives

DEPENDANCY RATIO

STRATEGIES TO ADDRESS CHALLENGES OF THE YOUTH

Targeted programmes to prepare the youth Revision of education and training curriculum at all levels to enable the production of skills that are demand-driven Rehabilitation of youth polytechnics to raise the levels of technical and entrepreneurial skills produced Development of education programmes to upgrade skills of non-formal and out-ofschool operators recognise and reward talent and create role models

HOUSING AND URBANISATION

Kenya Vision 2030 aims to provide the countrys population with adequate and decent housing in a sustainable environment. The quality and adequacy of low-income housing is better in rural areas than in urban areas. Overcrowding, lack of adequate sanitation and pollution in urban slums pose serious health risks to residents. Kenya has been urbanising rapidly; while an estimated 20.4 per cent of her population resided in urban areas by 2005, by 2030 the proportion of the Kenyan population living in urban areas is estimated to reach 60

POPULATION PROJECTIONS, 1999-2030

CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

Inadequate capacity for urban and regional planning Insufficient serviced land Concentration of property development in the high-income category Legal and administrative reforms Supply of affordable finance for mortgages and property development Lack of adequate construction capacity

STRATEGIES AND GOALS FOR HOUSING AND URBANIZATION

Planning and management of both rural and urban development Preparation of comprehensive metropolitan and investment plans covering six principle urban regions Development of strategic development and investment plans for special and border towns and all other municipal councils Preparation of land use plan and policy covering the entire country

SOCIAL EQUITY AND POVERTY REDUCTION

At independence in 1963, Kenya inherited a highly unequal society on many fronts including entitlement to political, civil and human rights. Considerable progress has been made towards resolving these problem. Much remains to be done to provide Kenyans with equal opportunities so that every Kenyan has an equal chance to realise his or her potential in life

STRATEGIC POLICIES TOWARDS ACHIEVING A SOCIALLY EQUITY

Raising average annual incomes per person Rewarding talent and investment risks in a manner that is deemed socially just and therefore not politically destabilising Reducing poverty Minimise the differences in income opportunities and access to social services Increasing community empowerment through devolved public funds, weighted in favour of the most disadvantaged communities,