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Center for Language Development

Across the Disciplines
LAD/FIPSE/FAR
Õhat is a sentence?
A sentence is a group of words that
expresses a complete thought.

Ex. This gift is for you.

Every sentence has two parts:

î[ubject
îPredicate
Subject
!he subject tells who or
what the sentence is about.

Complete subject:
My tutors are outstanding.

Simple subject:
Yvette is a tutor.
 Predicate


:
words that tell what the
subject is or does

¦erb: the key word of

the complete predicate ±
also known as simple
predicate

Ex. !he girl Y
 Y.

áoun






A noun is the name of a person, a

place, a thing, or an idea.
inds of áouns
Proper Noun
î Mark
Common Noun
î sun
Abstract Noun
î love
Collective Noun
î class
Plural Forms of áouns
wegular Plural Irregular Plural
Nouns Nouns

Bus -------buses Leaf ------leaves

[tudent- students Child----- children
Woman-- women
City ------ cities
Pronouns
A pronoun is a word that is used
in place of a noun.

inds of Pronouns
[ubject Possessive
welative Demonstrative
Object weflexive
Interrogative Intensive
inds of Pronouns
Subject Object Possessive Possessive
Adjectives Pronouns
I Me My Mine
You You Your Yours
He Him His His
[he Her Hers Hers
It It It Its
We Us Our Ours
You You Your Yours
!hey Them !heir Theirs
inds of Pronouns
Reflexive Relative Interrogative Demonstrative
Myself !hat Õho !his
Yourself Which Õhose !hat
Himself Who Õhat !hese
Herself Whom Õhom !hose
Itself Whose Õhich
Ourselves
Yourselves
Themselves
inds of Pronouns
Indefinite

All Another Any Anybody

Anyone Anything Both Each
Either Everybody Everyone Everything
Few Many More Most
Much Neither Nobody None
No one One Other [everal
[ome [omebody [omeone [omething
[uch
inds of ¦erbs

Action - Ex. Dive

Linking - Ex. Am

Helping or auxiliary -
Ex. have, do, be
¦erb Tenses
Present
Past
Future
Present Progressive
Past Progressive
Future Progressive
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Future Perfect
Adjective
An adjective describes or
modifies a noun or pronoun.
Answers the questions:
î Õhat kind‘
I like the long, green rectangle.
î Õhich one?
I want that dress.
î How many?
I see twelve circles.
Adverb
A word that modifies verbs, adjectives, or other
adverbs.
Answers the questions:
î Õhen‘ I will see you tomorrow.
î Õhere‘ !he dog is outside.
î How? [he worked happily.
î To what extent or degree‘ !hey swam deeper
into the ocean.
î In what manner‘ Mary sang beautifully.
Prepositions
A word that shows a relationship
between a noun or pronoun and some
other words in the sentence.

Example:
!he students  this university are dynamic.
List of Prepositions
Along Below Despite
Among Beneath Down
Around Beside Except
As Besides For
At Between From
Before Beyond In
Behind By Near
More Prepositions
Of Past Underneath
Off [ince Until
On !hrough Up
Onto !ill Upon
Out !o With
Outside !oward Within
Over Under Without
Compound Prepositions
According to In place of
As of In regard to
As well as In respect to
Aside from In spite of
Because of Instead of
By means of On account of
In addition to Out of
In front of Prior to
Conjunction
A conjunction is used to join words or
group of words

Kinds of conjunctions
Coordinating conjunctions
Correlative conjunctions
[ubordinating conjunctions
Conjunctive Adverbs
Coordinating Conjunctions
A coordinating And
conjunction connects But
individual words or Or
groups of words that Nor
perform the same For
function. Yet

Ex. I dance and sing.

Correlative Conjunctions
A correlative Either...or
conjunction consists
Neither«nor
of two or more words
that function Whether«or
together. Not only«but
(also)
Ex. Either Bill or Mary both«and
wrote the poem.
Subordinating Conjunctions
[ubordinating conjunctions introduce
subordinate clauses, which are clauses that
cannot stand by themselves as a complete
thought.

!he subordinate conjunction connects a

subordinate clause to an independent clause,
which
 stand by itself.

Ex. We will go whale watching if we have time.

List of Subordinating
Conjunctions
Time Time Purpose
After [ince In order that
As Until [o that
As long as When !hat
As soon as Whenever
Before While
List of Subordinating
Conjunctions

Manner Cause Comparison

As Because As
As if Tha
As though n
Subordinating Conjunctions
of Condition
Although Even though Though

As long as If Unless

Even if Provided that Õhile

Conjunctive Adverbs

A conjunctive adverb is an adverb that

functions somewhat like a coordinating
conjunction.

Conjunctive adverbs usually connect

independent clauses.
Conjunctive Adverbs
A semicolon precedes the conjunctive
adverb, and a comma usually follows
it.

Ex. I have to clean my room; therefore,

I can¶t go to the movies with you.
List of Conjunctive Adverbs
Accordingly Instead
Also Later
Besides Moreover
Consequently Nevertheless
Finally Otherwise
Furthermore [till
However !herefore
Indeed !hus
Interjection

An interjection is a word that expresses

strong feelings

It is followed by an exclamation mark (!)

List of Common Interjections
weally! [h! Unbelievable!
Whoops! Ugh! Congratulations!
Good grief! Alas!
My goodness!
Honestly! Yes!
Good! Ahem!
Oh! My!
What! Please!
Well! No!
Acknowledgments

Faculty
Enrichment and
Educational
!echnology Center

Zobeida wosado
 LAD
GRAMMAR ÕORSHOP

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