AO1

Communicate clearly the knowledge,

understanding and insight appropriate
to literary study, using appropriate
terminology and accurate and coherent
written expression

Top tip: get to know the terminology and

practise planning essays
 Marxism
Feminism
Adumbration
Totalitarianism
Proletariat
Dystopia
Propaganda
Utopia
Dystopia
Linguistic Determinism
Linguistic Relativity
Protagonist
Antagonist
Figurative language
In media res
Motif
free indirect discourse
satire
parody
 Feminsim
Feminism is a discourse that involves
various movements, theories, and
philosophies which are concerned with the
issue of gender difference, advocate
equality for women, and campaign for
women's rights and interests
 Adumbration
Prefiguration: the act of providing vague
advance indications; representing
beforehand
 Marxism

The philosophical theory of economics and history derived from the

writings of Karl Marx
•belief that capitalism is based on the exploitation of workers by the owners of
the means of production
•a belief that people's consciousness of the conditions of their lives reflects
the dominant ideology which is in turn shaped by material conditions and
relations of production
•an
•an understanding of material conditions and social relations as historically
malleable
•a view of history according to which class struggle, the evolving conflict
between classes with opposing interests, structures each historical period and
drives historical change
 Totalitarianism

• Form of government in which one person

or political party exercises absolute control
over all spheres of human life and
opposing political parties ...
 Proletariat

• The working class, especially those who

lack capital and must sell their unskilled
labour in order to survive
 Utopia

• An ideally perfect place, especially in its

social, political, and moral aspects. In
other words, an impossible place. Utopian
thinkers like Karl Marx envision a society
that cannot exist because it depends on
people acting in ways that people are not
inclined to act
 Dystopia
• Polar opposite of utopia. A society in
which social and/or technological trends
have contributed to a corrupted or
degraded state.
 Propaganda

• information that is spread for the purpose

of promoting some cause
 Linguistic Determinism

• The strongest aspect of the Sapir-Whorf

Theory

• Linguistic determinism is the idea that

language shapes thought. Determinism
itself refers to the viewpoint that all events
are caused by previous events, and
linguistic determinism can be used broadly
to refer to a number of specific views.
 Linguistic Relativity

• people who speak different languages

perceive and think about the world quite
differently;
 Protagonist
• The main character in a play around
whom most of the action is based.

• Antagonist: adversary: someone who offers opposition

 Figurative Language
• Language enriched by word meanings
and figures of speech (ie, similes,
metaphors, personification, hyperbole)
 In media res
• in or into the middle of a sequence of
events, as in a literary narrative
 Motif
• A recurrent image, word, phrase,
represented object or action that tends to
unify the literary work or that may be
elaborated into a more general theme
 Free indirect discourse
• A technique of narrating the thoughts or
speech of a character by incorporating
their words or ideas into a third-person
narrative: ‘And yet he was in the right!
They were wrong and he was right.’
 Satire
• Literature which exhibits and examines
vice and folly and makes them appear
ridiculous or contemptible. It differs from
straightforward comedy in having a
purpose, using laughter to attack its
objects
 Parody
• An imitation of something, for example a
style of writing or a particular work of
literature, intended to ridicule its
characteristics features
 AO2ii

Respond with knowledge and

understanding to literary texts of
different types and periods, exploring
and commenting on relationships and
comparisons between literary texts
 George
Orwell’s 1984
 • Love and sex

• Individual V state

• Dystopias

• Individual response to
totalitarian regimes
 • Characterisation
• Events
• Themes
• Links
• Relationships
• Links and comparisons
 Revision and Recall
• Task
• Each pair will be given two questions. Each
individual will assume responsibility for one
question. Work together to explore the issues
raised by the question, providing as much detail
as possible.
• When your time is up, you will link up with
another pair to share and discuss your ideas.
Each group will then feedback to the rest of the
class. Every member of the group must be
prepared to comment on any of the questions.
• 1. Character: In what ways are Julia and
Winston alike? In what ways are they
different?
• 2. Theme: Why does the party permit
couples to marry but discourage love?
• 3. Plot: O’Brien asks Winston and Julia
what they are willing to do for the
Brotherhood. What are they willing to do?
• What is the one thing they are unwilling to
do?
• What types of things does O’Brien tell
them they might have to face as members
of the Brotherhood?
• . Irony/Paradox: Julia tells Winston that even
though the Party can torture a person and make
him say anything, they cannot make him believe
it. How do you feel about this statement? How
easy is it to brainwash a person? Do you think
governments actually use brainwashing? (See
also the discussion of the term “blackwhite.”)
• 5. Plot: Why are the three superpowers always
at war according to the Brotherhood’s
handbook? (
• 6. Plot, Irony/Paradox: How are Winston and
Julia betrayed?
• 7. Language/Logic: The concept of memory and
existence discussed on pages 203 and 204 provides an
interesting debate point topic: Does the past exist if no
one remembers it? How can it be proven?
• 8. Theme: Who wrote Goldstein’s book? If it was the
Party, then why?
• 9. Theme: On page 216, O’Brien says the proles will
never revolt, yet on page 181, Winston came to the
conclusion that the future’s only hope lay with the proles.
What brings each man to say what he does?
• 10. Theme: What is power? What makes a person
powerful?
• 11. Language/Logic, Irony/Paradox: What is ironic
about the Chestnut Tree Café? The significance of the
Chestnut Tree is revealed on page 241. What is your
interpretation of the final lines of the song about the
Chestnut Tree.