Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Futures Options
meaning, Meaning and salient
features,
Future v/s options,
calls and put options,
Index futures, Types of derivatives,
Valuation of index future. Options price,
Arbitrage, Writer of options,
Hedging, Price changes,
Price index futures, Risks,
Advantages of futures Market structure,
index, options v/s Badla
Duration effect.
INTRODUCTION
Derivatives, as the name suggests, are financial instruments that
derive their value from an underlying security or asset.
Any security or asset that varies in value from time to time could
be used as the underlying asset.
With variation in value comes risk – the risk that the value of an
asset that you wish to buy may rise when you hoped that it will
remain steady or still better fall; or the value of an asset that you
wish to sell may fall when you hoped that it will remain steady or
at best rise.
A Derivative includes: -
a security derived from a debt instrument, share, loan,
whether secured or unsecured, risk instrument or
contract for differences or any other form of security;
a contract which derives its value from the prices, or
index of prices, of underlying securities;
HISTORY OF DERIVATIVES
Derivative products in some form or the other have existed for centuries.
As far back as 580 B.C., or there about, specific instances of “option
contracts” based on the price of olives, are known to have been written.
The first "futures" contract is traced to the rice market in Osaka, Japan, in
approximately 1650 AD.
These were evidently standardized contracts, which made them similar to
today's futures, although it is not known if the contracts were frequently
traded and whether there were any credit guarantees attached to them.
The biggest step towards a formal futures market came in 1848, with the
setting up of the Chicago Board of Trade.
This organization changed its perspective and trading patterns over the
years until, in 1919, it finally became the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, as
we now know it. Other exchanges have come up around the US and across
the world since then.
In India…
Interestingly, from time to time, governments and regulators have
developed discomfort with futures/options/derivatives trading.
As a result, these have been banned in part or totally numerous
times in Europe, Japan and United States ever since the 1800s,
though these laws have eventually been repealed.
In India too, futures trading in various commodities was
widespread until it was unceremoniously banned in the 1960s.
Then, in 2000, trading in derivative products took on a whole new
face when trading in equity-based derivatives was allowed on the
Indian stock exchanges.
This step proved to be a shot in the arm for the capital market and
volumes soared within three years.
The success of the capital market reforms motivated the
government and the Forward Market Commission in India to kick
off similar reforms in the commodities market as well.
As a result, in April 2003 the ban on trading in commodity futures
was finally lifted.
Present scenario..
Today, both equity and commodity derivatives are thriving
in India.
In Indian equity futures market, this price is the spot price (i.e. the
price of the underlying asset in the cash market) prevailing on the date
of the expiry of the contract.
Further, futures are legally binding and both parties are bound to
uphold the agreement.
Stock Futures
Index futures.
Prev Close Open High Low Close Volum Open Traded Value(Rs. In Delivery
Date
Price Price Price Price Price e Interest Lakhs) Centre
31-DEC-
93.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 93.80 0 0 0.00 Mumbai
2007
01-JAN-
93.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 93.80 0 0 0.00 Mumbai
2008
02-JAN-
93.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 93.30 0 0 0.00 Mumbai
2008
03-JAN-
93.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 93.70 0 0 0.00 Mumbai
2008
04-JAN-
93.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 93.90 0 0 0.00 Mumbai
2008
05-JAN-
96.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 96.20 0 0 0.00 Mumbai
2008
07-JAN-
96.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 96.80 0 0 0.00 Mumbai
2008
08-JAN-
96.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 96.80 0 0 0.00 Mumbai
2008
09-JAN-
95.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 95.00 0 0 0.00 Mumbai
2008
10-JAN-
96.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 96.40 0 0 0.00 Mumbai
2008
11-JAN-
96.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 96.70 0 0 0.00 Mumbai
2008
12-JAN-
95.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 95.40 0 0 0.00 Mumbai
2008
What is a stock index?
Stock Index represents change in the value of a
set of stocks, which constitute the index, over a
base year.