CONOCIMIENTO

M. en C. July Cristina Agustiniano Osornio

¿Qué es la Inv. Científica?
Se define como la ciencia que aporta un conjunto de
métodos, categorías, leyes y procedimientos que garantizan
la solución de los problemas científicos con un máximo de
eficiencia.
¿Qué es el Conocimiento?
Es el reflejo psíquico (espiritual) del mundo objetivo, que
es cognoscible. Es un proceso que va desde la
contemplación viva, resultado de la actividad práctica del
hombre para satisfacer sus necesidades, al pensamiento
abstracto y de este a la práctica.
Proceso del Conocimiento
FAS E
S
SENSORI RACIONAL
AL
PERCEPCI CONCEPTO
ÓN
SENSACIÓ JUICIO
N
REPRESENTAC RAZONAMIENT
IÓN O
Tipos de Conocimiento
Conocimiento

Conocimiento Conocimiento
No Científico Científico

Conocimiento empírico Empírico Teórico

espontáneo
(común, cotidiano y ordinario)
Diferencias
La ciencias es…..

 Una forma de la conciencia social.

 Un sistema históricamente formado de conocimientos
ordenados.
 Un saber elaborable a partir de hipótesis y demostrable,
de manera constante, en el decurso de la práctica social.
 Una actividad humana que incluye tanto la actuación para
obtener un nuevo conocimiento, como el resultado de
dicha actuación obtenido mediante un método.
 Características de la Ciencia
CIENCI
A
UNIVERSALID
RACIONALI AD
DAD
SISTEMATICI
OBJETIVID DAD
AD
MÉTODO EXPERIMENTAL
Experimento
Método Papel del Experimento
Experimental Experimento Científico

El asombroso avance de Un buen experimento es

las ciencias Un experimento es una
el que nos lleva a obtener
experimentales, también pregunta que se hace a la
resultados concretos.
llamadas factuales, como Naturaleza, el resultado es
Es decir, avanzar en la
la física, la química y la su respuesta y es
solución del problema
biología, se debe en gran responsabilidad del
planteado.
medida a que los científico el plantear bien
científicos que han esa pregunta e interpretar
A B
contribuido a su correctamente la respuesta.
desarrollo, han cumplido
las reglas del MÉTODO
EXPERIMENTAL.
Pasos del Método Experimental
• Definición del problema.
• Hipótesis del Trabajo.
• Diseño del Experimento.
• Realización del experimento.
• Análisis de resultados.
• Conclusiones.
• Elaboración del informe.
Definición del Problema

No se puede realizar un experimento sin saber porqué ni para qué se

realiza. Es necesario estudiar la información disponible sobre el problema:
 Bibliografía.
 Internet.
 Opinión de otros
 Investigadores.

La bibliografía y otras informaciones de base permite saber el estado

actual del problema: qué se ha hecho y cómo se ha hecho.
También se establece la importancia de la investigación y se evita repetir
las soluciones intentadas por otros.
Making Written Errors Disappear!

Rubber Eraser Post-Its

Saturn is a gas giant and has Neptune is the farthest planet
several rings. It's composed from the Sun. It's also the
of hydrogen and helium fourth-largest object
 Let’s Celebrate!
We all use rubber erasers from time to
time, right?
Find Us Everywhere

If you want to modify the photos, click on them and replace them with your own
Habit Tracker

M Tu W Th F Sa Su

10 11 12 13 14 15 16
02 Notes
You can describe the topic
of the section in here
My Goals

Drink more water 70%

90% Do more sport

Read once per 40%

day
#NationalRubberEraserD
ay
Use your favourite eraser to fix
your mistakes and use the hashtag
on social media!
Customizable Calendar
SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT

Week 01 01 02 03

Week 02 04 05 06 07 08 09 10

Week 03 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Week 04 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Week 05 25 26 27 28 29 30

Reminders Tests Online class Workshops

Relationship with the Pencil

Pencil +
Eraser
Venus has a
beautiful and
original name

Rubber
Eraser
Mars is actually a
cold place, not hot at
all!
My Week 03
You can describe the topic
of the section in here
It’s Important that You Know...

Objectives
Venus has a beautiful name and is the second
planet from the Sun. It’s terribly hot, even hotter
than Mercury, and its atmosphere is extremely
poisonous

Homework
Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings. It's
composed mostly of hydrogen and helium. It was
named after the Roman god of wealth and
agriculture
Starting Fresh! Starting Anew!

MON TUE WED THU FRI

● Eat ● Read “A
breakfast ● Cook my ● Take my ● Make my Great
with mom dinner laundry and homework History
● Login my ● Go to Ines’s garbage out on time Book”
online to have ● Be positive ● Pick up ● Go to the
classes lunch ● Plan next Alex beauty
● Help ● Visit auntie day ● Shopping salon
Arantxa Kenia and ● Make my with Luigi ● Pick up all
with uncle Hugo homework Gin of the
Biology groceries
 1770
Is the first year to celebrate Joseph Priestley was the
National Rubber Eraser Day founder of the eraser’s gum
On Wednesday...

At 7:00 A.M. At 9:30 A.M.

I must log in my class and take I can send those notes to my
notes with my Slidesgo dearest friend who is out sick
template

At 9:00 A.M. At 10:00 A.M.

After the end of my class, I can I can seal the envelopes and
write notes of what I learned send them with the post office
This Friday, I Will...

12:00 13:00 14:00

Ceres is located in the The Sun is the star at the Pluto is now considered a
main asteroid belt center of the Solar System dwarf planet

15:00 16:00 17:00

Earth is the third planet Despite being red, Mars is Neptune is the farthest
from the Sun and the only actually a cold place planet from the Sun
one
You can describe the topic of
the section in here

Conclusions

04
Final Results

80

60

40

20

0
A B C D

To modify this graph, click on it, follow the link,

modify the data and paste the new graph here Jupite Mars
r
 15,353 1,500+
Rubber erasers sold since the 2000s National Days in the U.S.

1858
Was when Hyman Lipman patented an
eraser at a pencil’s tip
Steps To Make a Rubber Eraser

Start!
Start your creative process 01
by understanding the eraser
Research
02 By knowing the history,
you will be able to create!
Voilà
Your idea has come! Now, 03
it’s time to make it work
Create
04 Experiment and create
your rubber eraser!
 “Everyone makes mistakes.
That is why there is an eraser in
every pencil. When in doubt,
rub it out!”
—Someone Famous
Conclusions

01 Rubber erasers are the best there could be: they wipe mistakes
out!
02 #NationalRubberEraserDay is actually a big thing in the U.S.
03 Our research was unable to find the creator of the Eraser Day
04 April 15, 1770, marks the founding of the rubber eraser
05 It’s OK to make a mistake or two. Find your eraser to fix them!
05 Artists, writers, students and accountants find erasers as handy
06 We all make mistakes while holding a pencil in our hand
07 Nowadays, we can erase our mistakes away… Thankfully
 THANKS!
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