SOLID WASTE SYSTEM FOR

ENERGY GENERATION

BY
AMIRINENI RAJESH
 INTRODUCTION

 Energy is an input in all the sectors of a country’s

economy. The standard of living of a given country can be
directly related to the perception of energy consumption.
Today every country draws its attention on energy needs,
and search for variety of sources. As the demand of energy
need is more on the other hand the production is less.
 The energy crisis is due to two reasons, firstly that the
population is of the world has increased rapidly and
secondly the standard of living of human beings has
increased. At present the consumption of energy is about
20millions M.W by 2010 A.D it would be 4 times. Thus it
leads to search for the alternative source of energy
generation
 LANDFILL GAS AND ENERGY
PRODUCTION
 Of the solid discarded into landfill(waste going to
disposal), the organic portion decomposes and
generates landfill gas(LFG) as a by-product of
decomposition process. Typical LFG from a disposal
site contains about 55% methane(CH4), and 44%
carbon-dioxide(CO2) with the remainder composed of
moisture and trace organic compounds
 The methane component of LFG is referred to as
biogas. There is no difference between this biogas and
the natural gas used in residences and business for
heating and cooking
 BENEFICIAL USE

 * burn the LFG directly for heat in industrial

application i.e. boilers
 *used it as fuel in internal combustion engines to
generate electricity
 SOLID WASTE PREPARATION

 As it require only the combust able solid waste

products, the non-combustibles’ such as kitchen,
appliances from refuse, are removed. For this process it
requires extensive, air-classification, re-shredding, and
drying. In conjugation with this, recycle the glass and
metals caught from waste.
STEPS OF SOLID WASTE PREPARATION

 -SHREDDING: In this process most of the in-coming solid

waste is done into a relatively constant particle size
 -AIR-CLASSIFICATION: This process is used to remove the
large non-combustibles, but the smaller non-combustibles
can not be removed from the solid waste. The metal foils
and fine glass are not removed by air-classification. The
lighter combustibles are pneumatically transferred through
air classifier, often the denser combustibles, such as rubber
and leather are removed with heavy frat ion.
 -DRYING: This is adopted to remove excess fuel moister.
When animal manure or sewage sludge are used as a fuel
 STEPS OF SOLID WASTE
PREPARATION
 -STORAGE: It is to be stored in the large bins.
 -MATERIAL RECOVERY: The system is available for
removing steel, AL, other non-ferrous metals and glass
from the heavy product air-classified stream . Material
recovered from air-classifier refuse has a higher value,
than that recovered from the waste after the energy
conversion system, usually in the form of slag or frit
SOLID WASTE SYSTEMS ARE MAJORLY
USED FOR
 -producing electricity
 CPU-400
 SUPPLIMENTAL UTILITY BOILER

 -producing gas and oil

 GARRETT PYROLYSIS PROCESS
 BIOLOGICAL METHANE PRODUCTION
 UNION CARBIDE PUROX SYSTEM

 -produce steam
 WATERWALL INCINERATOR
 AMERICAN THERMOGEN PROCESS
 MONSANTO LANGARD PROCESS
 PRODUCTION OF GAS AND OIL


GARRETT PYROLYSIS PROCESS: It employs two stages of
shredding, air-classification, and drying to produce a
minsu-24-mesh fuel for the pyrolysis reactor. The heat
required for pyrolysis is driven from the combustion of
pyrolysis off-gases and from the portion of the char
produced. From the pyrolysis unit the gases are
exhausted through a cyclone to remove the char then
scrubbed to remove the oil, water and solids and
liquids.
BIOLOGICAL METHANE PRODUCTION

 This involves the anerobic digestion of a solid waste

and water at 60 c for five days to produce a methane
rich gas.
 Solid waste is prepared by shredding and air-classified
before being blended with water or sewage sludge to a
10 to 20 % solid concentration. The slurry is heated and
placed in a mixed digester at 60c for 5 days detention.
 This process is very well suited for use of sewage
sludge, animal manure, and other high moisture
content solid waste.
 It is estimated that the process will reduce the volume
of volatile solids by 75%, while producing about 85
cubic meters of methane per one tone of incoming
BIOLOGICAL METHANE PRODUCTION
 UNION CARBIDE PUROX SYSTEM

 The system employs the high temperature particle

oxidation process to produce medium- but gas. oxygen
is used to particle combuat the solid waste. Which
provide the heat required to pyrolsis
 By using oxygen high process temperature and
alternatively small quantity of exhaust are achieved
 ADVANTAGES

 -They are renewable and non-exhaust

 -They do not require mining operations
 -They are environmental friendly
 -They do not require storage cost
 CONCLUSION

 As intensity of users of electricity in Indian economy has

shown a steady increase. This trend necessitated substantial
increase in share on investments. It is essential to keep
transmission and distribution losses and consumption of
energy by auxiliaries in the power stations to minimum out
of total non-conventional fuels the share of the fire wood is
nearly 65%
 The availability of animal dung and agriculture waste is
likely to increase in the future due to increase agriculture
production and animal population ,with the popularization
of solid waste systems which can be efficient utilized.
 These are expected to contribute to any significant extent
to the energy supplies by the turn of the country.
 BIBILOGRAPHY

 1. Energy technology hand book –Douglas M.

Considine
 2. “Energy recovery from solid waste as a
supplementary fuel in power plant boilers” –US
Environmental agency.
3. Non-conventional energy sources –G.D.Rai
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