AUTOMATIC VEHICLE LOCATION

(AVL)
UMA. S (2009249007)
M.TECH , REMOTE SENSING
 What is AVL?
• Automatic vehicle location (AVL) is a
computer -based vehicle tracking system.

• AVL enables one to locate any vehicle through internet

in seconds and minutes and protect one’s remotely
placed asset or it enables operators to monitor their
vehicle.

•AVL use satellite and land communications to display

each vehicle's location, status, heading, and speed on the
computer's screen.
 Requirements
• No monthly recurring costs for service or wireless cards
• Able to track all vehicles regardless of conditions
• Provide limited access for Public to view snowplow/salt trucks
• Provide countywide coverage
• Access to historical GPS track data
• Must be inexpensive
 Challenges
• Transmission – how to get GPS position data from vehicle to
central server
• GIS Access – what platform to build application on that would
provide different levels of security access for Public and internal
users?
• Archiving – how best to archive data if necessary to develop the
application in-house
• No Example – considering all the restraints put on the project
there was no known example to use as a guide for development
COMPONENTS OF AVL

1.Moblie radio receiver.

2.GPS receiver.
3.GPS modern.
4.Antenna.
5.GPS base station.
6.Wireless communication.
7.GPS tracing software.
8.Data stream processing servers
 Automated Vehicle Location System
How Do GPS , GIS and AVL Relate?
• GPS receiver calculates its position (latitude and
longitude) and record the information at fixed time
interval
• GPS transmitter transmits location and vehicle
dynamic data to control center at prescribed interval
• Control center system process data accoding to customer
specifications
• GIS Software display filtered information on the screen with
map layer
Categories of AVL User Functions

All AVL systems are “real-time”, the differences are

when, what, and how often data are delivered to
the end users

* As needed base: asset location

*Registration interval in minutes service delivery,
industry, etc.
* Registration interval in seconds: fleet management
system, public transportation, school transportation, etc.
EXAMPLE: AVL Systems for School Transportation

• When: end user download data at scheduled time

(end of day, week)

• What: software defined vehicle dynamic information

• How: Infrared, serial port, wireless, phone, radio frequency

• Who are the end users: transportation managements,

parents
Components used:

*Hardware ($$)
• GPS receiver/transmitter, antenna, data
ports, power supply.
*Communication ($0 to $$, monthly)
• Cell, CDPT, burst, etc
• private or public channel
*Software ($$ to $$$$ ?)
• Digital map (update cost)
• Intelligent algorithm to meet specifications
Computer-Assisted School BusRouting and
Scheduling System:
Integrated AVL Based SBRSSTravel Speed
Refinement Cycle:
INFORMATIONS

•Where is the bus

•What direction is the bus traveling to
•what speed is the travel speed
•Where is stop
•How long is the stop
The Case study- UTSP

* What are the main things that need to be

Improved:
– service policies and schedules?
– communications and control technology?
– passenger information?

*Identify the technology changes required to

successfully implement and operate new ITS
technologies and systems
GIS and Transit:

* Base map attributes that support transit

applications:
– Centerline and topology
– Street names, address ranges, Unique ID, PC,
direction
– Street name alias table
– Road restrictions (height, direction of travel)
– Road classification, speed limits and number of
lanes
– Political boundaries
– Transfer points to other
Data Requirements for
Key Transit Technologies:

* Route Planning & Scheduling

* Bus Stop Database
* Transit Signal Priority
* Automatic Passenger Counting
* Passenger Information
– Real-time and Message Signs
– Web-Based Trip Planning
*Service & Capital Planning
Route Planning &
Scheduling:

* HASTUS
* GIS Data
Requirements
– Single Line
Street Network
– Bus stop
database
Bus Stop Database:
* Over 2500 GRT stops on almost 60 routes
using approximately 200 vehicles
Automatic Passenger
Counters:
* Count passengers as
they board and alight
* Reduced data
collection cost
* Increased quality (and
quantity) of data
* Interface with
Automatic Vehicle
Locator.
Automatic Passenger
Counters:

* GIS Application / Why Collect APC data?

– Aggregate boarding and alighting information at
bus stop location and other locations.
– Provide load information between stops –
–Identify peak load location.
– Marketing
* Transit Features
– Roads
– Bus stop location/area
– Route pattern
– Trip (vehicle assignment or operator)
Real-Time Information:

* Computer Aided Dispatch / Automatic

Vehicle Location (CAD/AVL)
* Interactive Voice Response (IVR) System
* Mobile Data Terminal
* Variable Message Signs (VMS)
* Real-Time Information on Mobile Devices
* Web-Based Trip Planner
 Fleet Management
• GPS-GIS integration in fleet management

Real-time Automatic Vehicle Location

Position display on map
Driver and control-room interaction
In-vehicle routing and guidance
Monitoring driver and traffic characteristics
Security systems
 Disaster Recovery (Case Study)
• Ground Zero disaster due to the 9/11 attack
• Removal of 1.8 million tonnes of debris
• Enormous costs and management problems
• Continuing search for human remains and
debris testing for evidence
• Total loss of the fiber-optic network
• Multiple disposal sites
 Case Study - Solution
• Response center in the American Express building
connected to website server at Minneapolis by a
fiber-optic network.
• GPS receivers on trucks capable of triggering alarms
on signal loss, tampering, deviation from given route,
unauthorized dumping.
• GIS maps displaying equipment status and tunnel
locations for lowering tracking levels
 Case Study - Results

• First time use of GPS-based technology for

disaster recovery by Criticom International
Corporation of Minneapolis, Minnesota
• Task accomplished in 8 months
• Cost $750 million Vs predicted $7 billion
• Online access of audit data after closure
BENIFITS

•Real-time vehicle information

•Locate vehicles quickly
•Track vehicles
•Color-coded routes, vehicle
types and status
•Pan- and zoom-enabled
•Detailed GIS mapping
•Customizable maps
•Easy to update GIS data
•No monthly costs for AVL service
 Conclusions
• GPS can show your EXACT location on the Earth (latitude and
longitude)

• GIS provides several different map layers where each layer

holds data about a particular kind of feature related to spatial
data.

• Using GIS and GPS we can capture, management, analysis,

modeling and display geographically referenced data for
decision making. It is a way in which to begin to represent and
model the real world.