SEMINAR ON

CD TECHNOLOGY
Presented By :
Snigdha Mohapatra
B tech 3rd Year
Regd. No. -0801307050
email : moenas79@gmail.com
CONTENTS

• INTRODUCTION.
• BASIC DESIGN.
• TYPES OF COMPACT DISK.
• DATA ENCODING.
• STORAGE CAPACITY.
• DATA STORAGE TYPE.
• ADVANTAGE.
• APPLICATIONS.
• SPIN RATES & DATA TRANSFER
RATE.
• CONCLUSION.
INTRODUCTION

•It's one of the storage media like cassette,

floppy disc with more storage space and more
compact feature.

• It is a patented technology by Philips and

SONY.
HISTORY

1980 Compact Discs were first introduced.

1982 CD-DA (compact disk-digital audio) was introduced.

1985 CD-ROM (compact disk-read only memory)was introduced.

1986 CD-I (compact disk-interactive) was again created.

1988 CD-ROM/XA (extended architecture) was introduced.

1990 CD-WORM (write once read many times), as well as CD-MO

(magneto-optical) technology was initiated.

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BASIC DESIGN

15mm 12cm
•A transparent
polycarbonate (PC)
polymeric substrate
(layer) has the pits molded
onto its surface.
•These pits are the coded
data and carry the
information.
•The areas in between the
pits, which are 0.9 mm
(microns) to 3.3 mm long,
are called "lands".
• The substrate layer is
covered with a thin
reflective layer of metal
(aluminum) and with a
protective layer of lacquer.
• On top of the CD sits the
label layer.
TYPES OF COMPACT DISK

•CD-R

CD-R is short for "CD-Recordable". Recordable CDs are

WORM (Write once, Read multiple) media that work just like
standard CDs.The advantage of CD-R over other types of optical
media is that you can use the discs with a standard CD player. The
disadvantage is that you can't reuse a disc.

•CD-RW

A related technology called CD-Rewritable (CD-RW) allows

you to erase discs and reuse them, but the media doesn't work in all
players. All CD-RW drives can write to CD-Rs, and most new CD-
ROM drives are expected to support CD-RW. And CD-RW media is
much more expensive than CD-R.
DATA ENCODING
•In the compact disk,
every transition from pit
to land and back is
interpreted as 1.

• No transition means 0
and the length of each
land segment represent
the number of 0s in the
data stream.

•which shows a stream

of pits and lands and
above it is the
corresponding
digitaldata stream.
STORAGE CAPACITY

A compact disk can store data of a pile

of paper as high as 10-floor building !!!!!

10-floor building
Proof

1 Compact Disc can store about 600 to 700 mb = 600000 to 700000 kb.

A A4 sheet of paper in the form of printed characters can store an amount

of information that would require about 2 kb of space on a computer.

So one CD can store about the same amount of text information equivalent
as 300000 of such A4 sheets.

1000 paper sheets together make a pile of about 10cm.

So one CD corresponds in this view to a pile of about 30m of paper sheets,

which is a pile of paper as high as a 10-floor building.
DATA STORAGE TYPE

•Data storage in CD format is not a simple thing.

•Typically, a user pictures the "1s" and "0s" in the

memory of the computer as being directly transferred
to "pits" and "bumps" on the CD disk. Unfortunately, it
is far from that easy.

•To begin with the incoming data is subjected to a

series of coding operations. These coding operations
add a number of additional parity bits to the data for
error detection and correction purposes.

•In a simple binary parity check, a parity bit is a

single bit that represents whether the total number of
"1s" in a particular data stream is even (1) or odd (0).
For example, assume that you are setting a parity bit over all the
digits of the following word.
1101 0000
The total number of "1s" is odd, so the parity bit would be 1.
The word might then be written as

1101 0000 1
where the last digit is the parity bit.

Even simple binary parity checks can become quite complex if more
than one parity bit is used. For example, you may elect to have
two parity bits -- one on the first four bits of the word and one on
the last four.

1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 P1 P2
x x x x 1
x x x x 0
 ADVANTAGES

• RANDOM ACCESS TO INFORMATION IS

POSSIBLE.

• IT IS EASY TO USE.
 APPLICATIONS

•TO PUBLISH INFORMATION.

•TO DISTRIBUTE INFORMATION
ON A LIMITED SCALE.
•TO STORE INFORMATION FOR
• PERSONAL USE.
• IT IS A BACK UP DEVICE
•Cheaper price
•Retrieved faster
•Little storage space
CONCLUSION

How our lives would change if we

did not have this technology
available? Not much! Some other
media would replace it if this
technology did not exist. Maybe it
would be bigger or smaller, expensive
or cheap… who knows. Again, CD is
just a media, sooner or later it will be
replace by other more advanced
storage media which is happening--
DVD-ROM.