Fourth-Generation Cellular Communication System: Vemparala Manoj Kumar E.C.E 4 Year

4G
Fourth-Generation Cellular
Communication System
PREPARED BY
VEMPARALA MANOJ KUMAR
E.C.E
4th YEAR
© 2007 AT&T Knowledge Ventures. All rights reserved. AT&T
and the AT&T logo are trademarks of AT&T Knowledge Ventures.
Agenda
•Introduction
•Evolution of Data Standards
•WiMAX
•The Road Ahead
•Closing Thoughts

4G Definition
4G Fourth Generation Cellular

Communication (4G)
3G Ø4G is not one defined technology or standard, but

rather a collection of technologies and protocols
aimed at creating fully packet-switched networks
2G optimized for data.
Ø4G networks are projected to provide speeds of
1G 100 Mbps while moving and 1 Gbps while

stationary.
0G

EVOLUTION OF DATA
STANDARDS
4G
Zero Generation Mobile
Systems(0G)
3G ØThe radio telephone system preceded modern cellular

mobile telephony technology (1G).
ØThe radio telephone system contained one central
2G antenna tower per region. The central antenna required
radio phones to have a powerful transmitter, capable of
transmitting up to 50 miles. The number of radio
telephones per region was limited by the number of
1G available channels.
ØUnlike closed radio systems, radio telephones were
connected to the public telephone network and were
0G typically mounted in cars, trucks, and briefcases.

EVOLUTION OF DATA
STANDARDS
4G First Generation Cellular

Communication(1G)
3G ØThe 1G cellular telephone system divided cities

into small cells. This division allowed extensive
frequency reuse across a city, allowing millions
to use cell phones simultaneously.
2G Ø1G cell phone technology encompassed analog
standards introduced in the 1980s and continued
1G
until replaced by 2G digital cell phones.
0G

1st Generation Analog Cellular Systems
Standard Region Frequency Channel No. of Modulation Data Rate
(MHz) Spacing Channels (kbps)
(kHz)
AMPS USA 824-849 30 832 FM 10
869-894
TACS Europe 890-915 25 1000 FM 8
935-980
ETACS UK 872-915 25 1240 FM 8
917-950
NMT 450 Europe 453-457.5 25 180 FM 1.2
463-467.5
NMT 900 Europe 890-915 12.5 1999 FM 1.2
935-960
C-450 Germany 450-455.74 10 573 FM 5.28
Portugal 460-465.74
RTMS Italy 450-455 25 200 FM -
460-465
Radiocom France 414.8-418 12.5 250 FM -
2000 424.8-428
NTT Japan 870-885 25 600 FM 0.3
JTACS / Japan 860-870 25 400 FM 8.0
NTACS 915-925
EVOLUTION OF DATA
STANDARDS
Second Generation Cellular
4G Communication(2G)
Ø2G digital technologies can be divided into two
3G standards:
TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)
2G
- GSM: Originally from Europe but used
worldwide
- iDEN: Proprietary network used by Nextel in the
US
1G - PDC: Used exclusively in Japan
CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access)
0G - IS-95: Commonly referred to as CDMA and used

in the Americas and parts of Asia

2nd Generation Cellular and Cordless Systems
System IS-54 GSM IS-95 CT-2 CT-3 DECT
Country USA Europe USA Europe, DCT-90 Europe
Asia Sweden
Access TDMA / TDMA / CDMA / FDMA TDMA / TDMA /
Technology FDMA FDMA FDMA FDMA FDMA
(DS)
Frequency
Band
BS(MHz) 869-894 935-960 869-894 864-868 862-866 1800-1900
MS(MHz) 824-849 890-915 824-849
Duplexing FDD FDD FDD TDD TDD TDD
RF Channel 30 200 1250 100 1000 1728
Spacing
(kHz)
Modulation Pi/4 GMSK BPSK / GFSK GFSK GFSK
DQPSK QPSK
Frequency Fixed Fixed Fixed Dynamic Dynamic Dynamic
Assignment
Power
Control
MS Y Y Y N N N
BS Y Y Y N N N
Speech VSELP RPE-LTP QCELP ADPCM ADPCM ADPCM
Coding
Speech rate 8
(kbps) (variable
7.95 13 rate) 32 32 32
Channel Bit
Rate (kbps) 48.6 270.833 1228.8 72 640 1152
Channel 1/2 rate 1/2 rate 1/2 rate None CRC CRC
Coding convolution convolution forward,
1/3 rate
reverse,
CRC
EVOLUTION OF DATA
STANDARDS
Third Generation Cellular
4G Communication(3G)
Ø3G networks provide the ability to transfer
3G voice data and non-voice data (music
downloads, emails and instant messaging)
over the same network simultaneously.
2G Ø3G networks deliver broadband capacity

and support greater numbers of voice and
data customers at lower incremental costs
than 2G.
1G ØStandards:
- W-CDMA: Wideband Code Division Multiple
Access
0G 
- EVDO: Evolution-Data Optimized

3G WCDMA and CDMA2000 Standards
U M T S -W C D M A C D M A 200 0
"N o' B ackw ard C om patibility B ackw ard com p atibility w ith C D M A O n e
C ell S ites n ot synchronized C e ll sites synchronized thru' G P S tim ing
E ach cell site w ith differe nt scram bling
A djacent cell site s use diffferent tim e offs
code fo r sprea ding of sa m e scram bling code for spread ing
C om plex soft H an d O v er S im ple S o ft H a nd O v er
S cra m blin g co de 38 ,400 chip s; fram eP reudo R and om (P N ) sequen ce o f leng th
15
o f 10 m s 2 - 1 c hips; period of 2 6.67 m s; diffe ren
site offset of 64 chip s
O V S F C odes W alsh C od es

3G vs. 4G
•Less Complexity, Faster Transmission.
•Unlike the 3G networks which are a combination of circuit switched

and packet switched networks, 4G will be based on packet switching
only. This will allow low-latency data transmission.
3G 4G
Leading U.S. Carrier 3G EVDO International Carrier is testing 4G
network currently averages 400 to communication at 100 Mbps while
700 Kbps with peak rates up to 2 moving, and 1 Gbps while
Mbps. stationary.

3G vs. 4G
4G
3G 100
90
2G 80
70
60
1G 50
M
p
b
40
s
30
0G 20
10
0
3G 4G
4G Possibilities
4G •Enhanced Mobile Gaming
3G ØExperience enhanced wireless capabilities that

deliver mobile gaming interaction with latency
less than five milliseconds.
2G ØPlay online multiplayer games while traveling

at high speeds or sitting outside.
1G
0G
4G Possibilities(Cont….)
4G Personal Media Repository
3G Create a personal media

repository that can be accessed
from home and on the road to
2G view photos, watch movies and
listen to your personal music
collection.
1G
0G
4G •Virtual Presence
3G Use hologram-generating virtual reality

programs that provide an artificial
presence just about anywhere.
2G For example, decide if you want to

personally respond when someone rings
your front door while you are away from
1G home.
•
0G
4G •Broadband Access in Remote

Locations
3G 4G networks will provide a wireless

alternative for broadband access to
residential and business customers.
2G In addition, 4G will provide the first
opportunity for broadband access in
1G remote locations without an infrastructure

to support cable or DSL access.
•
0G
WiMAX
•World Interoperability for Microwave Access
•There are two main applications of WiMAX:
1) Fixed WiMAX(IEEE 802.16-2004) - Fixed WiMAX applications
are point-to-multipoint enabling the delivery of last mile
wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL
for homes and businesses.
2) Mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e-2005) - Mobile WiMAX offers

the full mobility of cellular networks at true broadband speeds.
•

WiMAX
Fixed WiMAX Architecture

WiMAX
Mobile WiMAX Architecture

WiMAX Adoption
Fixed WiMAX Adoption
Fixed WiMAX is currently available however the adoption rate is impacted by the
high cost of equipment in comparison to cable or DSL.
Fixed WiMAX provides greater benefits for developing countries that do not
already have physical infrastructure to support wired broadband access.
Mobile WiMAX Adoption
Mobile WiMAX equipment will arrive to carriers toward the end of 2007.
However, mobile equipment testing typically takes between 12 to 18 months
before the equipment is introduced to the consumer market.

WiMAX vs. Wi-Fi
•WiMAX / Wi-Fi Comparison

•WiMAX and Wi-Fi are somewhat independent, addressing slightly
different needs.
WiMAX uses private, licensed spectrum and provides Wi-Fi-like

service with guaranteed performance to larger public areas, similar in
coverage to cellular networks today.
Wi-Fi uses shared spectrum and operates at short distances, making it

ideal for low-cost, private networks (where usage of the network is
constrained to an office building or campus) or free public systems
(where service guarantees are not required).
•
•

The Road Ahead Going Forward with 4G

4G Access Options
•Embed 4G technology into
all end-user devices
•Develop mobile personal

gateways
•Develop external
interfaces with 4G
peripherals
•

Smaller footprint peripherals have a greater
potential to support multiple devices.
USB
PCMCIA
Express Card
Secure Digital
Compact Flash

Video Digital Xbox
Laptop Desktop Camera Camera PDA 360 PSP PS3
USB
Bluetooth
Wi-Fi
SD I/O Card Slot
Firewire Port
Ethernet Port
PCMCIA
ExpressCard 34
Slot
ExpressCard 54
Slot
Source: Availability based on direct interface or available adapters

The lack of clarity and overuse of the term 4G could prove its
biggest opportunity, or could spell its premature demise.
As carriers begin to rollout 3G the term 4G may be rendered

meaningless by lack of definition.
However, the rollout of mobile broadband will have a profound
impact on the way we work and live.

CONCLUSION
•Standardization of mobile services is being developed to overcome the

challenges of streaming multimedia content in 4G mobile communication
systems.
•The streaming standard specifies protocols and codec's that address streaming
multimedia challenges such as the transmission characteristics of wireless
links and the heterogeneity of radio-access networks and mobile terminals.
•The Interactive Media streaming platform, based on the standard, provides
interfaces that application developers can use for charging and billing
functions as well as network operation and maintenance.
•Ongoing developments concentrate on optimizing mobile content
applications by supporting additional codes and offering a broader range of
interfaces for proxy management and operation.
•Eventually, the platform will include extensions for capability exchange to
allow negotiation of terminal capabilities during session setup and digital
rights management.

References
•G.J Conklin et al.,_Video coding for streaming Media Delivery

on the internet,_IEEE Trans. Circuits and systems for video
Technology,Mar.2001,pp.269-281.
•D.Wu et al.,_Streaming Video over the Internet: Approaches
and Directions,_IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems for video
technology,Mar.2001,pp.282-300.
•J. Vass, S. Zhuan, and X. Zhuang, _Scalable, Error-
Resilient, and High- Performance Video
Communications in Mobile Wireless Environments,_
IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems for Video Technology,
July 2001, pp. 833-847.
•L. Boman, _Ericsson_s Service Network: A _Melting
Pot_ for Creating and Delivering Mobile Internet
Service,_ Ericsson Rev., vol. 78, no. 2, 2001, pp. 62-67.

an k
T h
u
Any
quarries ????


Fourth-Generation Cellular Communication System: Vemparala Manoj Kumar E.C.E 4 Year

Cargado por

Información del documento

Descripción original:

Título original

Derechos de autor

Formatos disponibles

Compartir este documento

Compartir o incrustar documentos

Opciones para compartir

¿Le pareció útil este documento?

¿Este contenido es inapropiado?

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

Fourth-Generation Cellular Communication System: Vemparala Manoj Kumar E.C.E 4 Year

Cargado por

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

4G

© 2007 AT&T Knowledge Ventures. All rights reserved. AT&T

4G Fourth Generation Cellular

3G Ø4G is not one defined technology or standard, but

2G optimized for data.

Ø4G networks are projected to provide speeds of

1G 100 Mbps while moving and 1 Gbps while

© 2007 AT&T Knowledge Ventures. All rights reserved. AT&T

3G ØThe radio telephone system preceded modern cellular

© 2007 AT&T Knowledge Ventures. All rights reserved. AT&T

4G First Generation Cellular

3G ØThe 1G cellular telephone system divided cities

© 2007 AT&T Knowledge Ventures. All rights reserved. AT&T

TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)

CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access)

0G - IS-95: Commonly referred to as CDMA and used

© 2007 AT&T Knowledge Ventures. All rights reserved. AT&T

2G Ø3G networks deliver broadband capacity

© 2007 AT&T Knowledge Ventures. All rights reserved. AT&T

© 2007 AT&T Knowledge Ventures. All rights reserved. AT&T

•Unlike the 3G networks which are a combination of circuit switched

© 2007 AT&T Knowledge Ventures. All rights reserved. AT&T

4G •Enhanced Mobile Gaming

3G ØExperience enhanced wireless capabilities that

2G ØPlay online multiplayer games while traveling

4G Personal Media Repository

3G Create a personal media

3G Use hologram-generating virtual reality

2G For example, decide if you want to

4G •Broadband Access in Remote

3G 4G networks will provide a wireless

1G remote locations without an infrastructure

2) Mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e-2005) - Mobile WiMAX offers

© 2007 AT&T Knowledge Ventures. All rights reserved. AT&T

© 2007 AT&T Knowledge Ventures. All rights reserved. AT&T

© 2007 AT&T Knowledge Ventures. All rights reserved. AT&T

Mobile WiMAX Adoption

© 2007 AT&T Knowledge Ventures. All rights reserved. AT&T

•WiMAX / Wi-Fi Comparison

WiMAX uses private, licensed spectrum and provides Wi-Fi-like

Wi-Fi uses shared spectrum and operates at short distances, making it

© 2007 AT&T Knowledge Ventures. All rights reserved. AT&T

© 2007 AT&T Knowledge Ventures. All rights reserved. AT&T

•Develop mobile personal

© 2007 AT&T Knowledge Ventures. All rights reserved. AT&T

© 2007 AT&T Knowledge Ventures. All rights reserved. AT&T

SD I/O Card Slot

© 2007 AT&T Knowledge Ventures. All rights reserved. AT&T

As carriers begin to rollout 3G the term 4G may be rendered

© 2007 AT&T Knowledge Ventures. All rights reserved. AT&T

•Standardization of mobile services is being developed to overcome the

© 2007 AT&T Knowledge Ventures. All rights reserved. AT&T

•G.J Conklin et al.,_Video coding for streaming Media Delivery

© 2007 AT&T Knowledge Ventures. All rights reserved. AT&T

© 2007 AT&T Knowledge Ventures. All rights reserved. AT&T

También podría gustarte