ELECTRICITY GENERATION

FROM TIDAL ENERGY

PRAJAKTA CHAUDHARI
OCEAN ENERGY
 OCEAN ENERGY
 Oceans harness tremendous energy in various forms and
this energy collectively is called OCEAN ENERGY.

 Ocean carries energy in the form of:

 Ocean waves
 Tides
 Salinity
 Ocean temperature differences

This energy can be effectively harnessed to generate

electricity to power homes, transport and industries.
 OCEAN ENERGY

RENEWABLE NON -
RENEWABLE
MARINE CURRENT Petroleum and natural
POWER gas beneath the ocean floor
also constitute to ocean
OSMOTIC POWER energy

OCEAN THERMAL
ENERGY

TIDAL POWER

WAVE POWER
OCEAN ENERGY
POTENTIAL
Theoretical estimate of global ocean energy resource

CAPACITY ANNUAL FORM

(GW) GENERATION
(TW.h)
5,000 50,000 Marine current power
20 2,000 Osmotic power
1,000 10,000 Ocean thermal energy
90 800 Tidal power
1,000 – 9,000 8,000 – 80,000 Wave power

Source: International Energy Agency, Implementing Agreement on Ocean

Energy Systems (IEA-OES), Annual Report 2007
EARLY TIDAL ENERGY
TIDAL ENERGY
 Tidal energy (also called tidal power) is a form of
hydropower that converts the energy of tides into
electricity or other useful forms of power

 Historically,tide mills have been used to harness tidal

energy from the oceans
 Extensive references of use of tide mills have been
found; both in Europe and on the Atlantic coast of North
America
 The earliest occurrences date from the Middle Ages, or
even from Roman time
 ELING TIDE MILL
The earliest surviving reference to Eling Tide Mill is in the Domesday Book - a survey of all England - in
1086 AD
 WOODBRIDGE TIDE MILL
Woodbridge Tide Mill may be one of the earliest Tide Mills in the UK. First recorded in 1170, operated
by the Augustinian Canons, in 1536 it passed to King Henry VIII. In 1564, Queen Elizabeth the mill
was granted to Thomas Seckford.
It was certainly the last working Tide Mill in the UK. The wheel last turned in 1957, when the 22 inch
square oak main shaft broke.
GENERATION OF
ELECTRICITY FROM
TIDAL ENERGY
 Tidalenergy is extracted from the relative motion of large
bodies of water

 A tidal generator uses this phenomenon to generate

electricity

 Greater tidal variation or tidal current velocities can

dramatically increase the potential for tidal electricity
generation
 Magnitude of the tide at a location is the result of the
changing positions of the Moon and Sun relative to the
Earth, the effects of Earth rotation and the local
geography of the sea floor and coastlines

 And because the Earth's tides are ultimately due to

gravitational interaction with the Moon and Sun and the
Earth's rotation, TIDAL POWER IS PRACTICALLY
INEXHAUSTIBLE AND CLASSIFIED AS A
RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCE
ELECTRICITY
GENERATION METHODS
 TIDAL STREAM
GENERATOR
 A tidal stream generator is a machine that extracts
energy from moving masses of water, or tides. These
machines function very much like underwater wind
turbines, and are sometimes referred to as tidal turbines

 Tidal stream generators are the cheapest and the least

ecologically damaging among the three main forms of
tidal power generation
POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL STREAM
ELECTRICITY GENERATION
 As with wind power, selection of location is critical for
the tidal turbine

 Tidal stream systems need to be located in areas with fast

currents where natural flows are concentrated between
obstructions, for example at the entrances to bays and
rivers, around rocky points, headlands, or between islands
or other land masses
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF TIDAL
STREAM SYSTEMS
 One study of the Roosevelt Island Tidal Energy (RITE,
Verdant Power) project in the East River (New York City),
utilized 24 hydro – acoustic sensors to detect and track the
movement of fish both upstream and downstream of each
of six turbines

 The results suggested:

(1) very few fish used this portion of the river
(2) those fish which did use this area were not using the
portion of the river which would subject them to blade
strikes and
(3) no evidence of fish traveling through blade areas
 TIDAL BARRAGE
 Tidal barrages make use of the potential energy in the
difference in height between high and low tides

 When a tide comes onto the shore, it is trapped in

reservoirs constructed behind barrages (dams)

 When the tide drops, this collected water is released and

is then used like in a regular hydropower project

 To produce enough amounts of power (electricity) that

can be put to practical use, a difference of at least five
meters between high and low tides is a must
The largest is the Rance Tidal Power Station, on the Rance river, in France, which has been operating
since 1966, and generates 240MW
Smaller plants include one on the Bay of Fundy, Canada and another across a tiny inlet in Kislaya
Guba, Russia
ADVANTAGES OF TIDAL BARRAGE
SYSTEMS
 The economic life of a tidal plant is very high
A plant is expected to be in production for 75 to 100
years, in comparison with the 35 years of a conventional
fossil fuel plant

 Besides the economical factors, tidal energy is clean (non

– polluting) and renewable, unlike fossil fuels
A tidal barrage can prevent approximately one million
tons of CO2 per TWH generated

 A barrage can also safeguard coastlines from storms

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF TIDAL
BARRAGE SYSTEMS
 The La Rance plant, is the only site where a full-scale
evaluation of the ecological impact of a tidal power
system, operating for 20 years, has been made

 French researchers found that the isolation of the estuary

during the construction phases of the tidal barrage was
detrimental to flora and fauna, however; AFTER TEN
YEARS, there has been a ‘variable degree of biological
adjustment to the new environmental conditions’
 Some species lost their habitat due to La Rance's
construction, but other species colonized the abandoned
space, which caused a shift in diversity

 Alsoas a result of the construction:

Sandbanks disappeared,
The beach of St. Servan was badly damaged and
High-speed currents have developed near sluices, which
are water channels controlled by gates
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF TIDAL BARRAGE
SYSTEMS
TURBIDITY
 Turbidity (the amount of matter in suspension in the water)
decreases as a result of smaller volume of water being
exchanged between the basin and the sea

 Thislets light from the Sun penetrate the water further,

improving conditions for the phytoplankton

 The changes propagate up the food chain, causing a general

change in the ecosystem

SALINITY
 As a result of less water exchange with the sea, the average
salinity inside the basin decreases, also affecting the ecosystem
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF TIDAL BARRAGE
SYSTEMS
SEDIMENT MOVEMENT
 Estuaries often have high volume of sediments moving through
them, from the rivers to the sea

 The introduction of a barrage into an estuary may result in

sediment accumulation within the barrage, affecting the
ecosystem and also the operation of the barrage

FISH
 Even with the most fish-friendly turbine design, fish mortality
per pass is approximately 15%

 Alternativepassage technologies have so far failed to solve this

problem for tidal barrages
LIMITATIONS OF TIDAL BARRAGE
SYSTEMS
 For a tidal power plant to produce electricity effectively
(about 85% efficiency), it requires a basin or a gulf that
has a mean tidal amplitude (the differences between
spring and neap tide) of 7 meters or above
There are about 40 SUITABLE SITES around the world
with this kind of tidal range
TIDAL ENERGY
PROJECTS IN INDIA
INDIA SET TO GET ASIA'S FIRST TIDAL
POWER PLANT
January 15, 2011
 With the proposed commissioning of a 50-Mw tidal power
project off the coast of Gujarat in 2013, India is ready to
place its first “seamark” that will be a first for Asia as well

 London-based marine energy developer Atlantis Resources

Corporation, along with Gujarat Power Corporation Ltd, has
signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the
Gujarat government to start this project

 The cost for the plant is expected to be in the vicinity of Rs

750 crore and is also is expected to be scaled up to 250Mw
ORISSA SET TO HARNESS TIDAL WAVE ENERGY
March 20, 2011
 Orissa's first attempt to harness tidal power for generating
electricity would be in the form of a 1236 MW plant along the
creeks in Mahakalpada in the Mahanadi deltaic region

SUNDERBANS TIDAL PROJECT AWAITS

FORMAL NOD
December 24-30, 2007
 West Bengal Renewal Energy Development Agency is awaiting
formal approval from the Union ministry of new and renewable
energy for the Durgaduani 3.75-mw mini tidal power plant in
Sunderbans Islands

 The project is expected to cost Rs 54 crore

AWAITING GREENER
ELECTRICITY…