Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
|
? m is the correct determination, discriminitive
estimation and logical apraisal of conditions found
during examination as evidenced by distinctive
signs,marks and symptoms.
? |t is also defined as an art of distinguishing one disease
from the another.
? Vs a correct treatment begins with a correct
diagnosis,So diagnostic procedures should follow
consistent logical order which includes comprehensive
medical and dental history,radiographic
examination,extraoral and intraoral clinical
examination including histopathological examination
to arrive at final diagnosis.
? Process begins with the initial call requesting
appointment for some specific reason,usually a
complaint of pain.
? Subjective symptom is supplied by the written history
or questionnaire that each patient completes and
signs.
? Further information is obtained by the clinician, who
reviews the questionnaire and ask specific questions
regarding the patientǯs chief complaint ,past medical
history ,past dental history, present medical and dental
status.
? Clinician should consult to the patientǯs physician
whenever patient appears to be medically
compromised or when the gained information is
inadequate or unclear.
? edical history is important because
medical history affects the course of
treatment,especially concerning the use of anaesthetics
,antibiotics and analgesics.
? Occasionally a patients medical status bears a direct
relation to the clinical diagnosis.For ex- Difffuse pain in
the mandibular left molars may be a referred pain
caused by angina pectoris, or Bizarre symptoms may be
the result of psychogenic and neurologic disorders.
? Case history is defined as data concerning an individual and
his or her family and environment,including the individual
medical history that may be useful in analyzing and
diagnosing his or her case or for instructional purposes.
? Vs many disease has similar symptoms the clinician must be
astute in determining the correct diagnosis.
? Differential diagnosis is the most common procedure . This
techique distinqishes one disease from several other similar
disorders by identifying their differences.
? On the other hand diagnosis by exclusion eliminates all
possible disease under consideration until one remaining
disease correctly explains patients symptoms.
Ý
? Symptoms are the units of information sought in
clinical diagnosis.
? Symptoms are defined as phenomena or signs of
departure from normal and indicative of
illness.Symptoms can be classified as follows:
? Subjective symptoms: Those experienced and reported
to the clinician by the patient.
? Objective symptoms:those ascertained by the clinician
through various tests.
Ý
? Completed medical form concerning the patient,s past
dental history consist of subjective symptoms.
? Patient,s reason for seeing the dentist is subjective
symptoms. Generally a chief complaint relates to pain,
swelling and esthetics.
? PV| :
most common problem that leads to dental treatment
Questions about pain should be asked such as: kind of
pain, its location ,its duration ,what causes it,what allevates
it whether its is referred to other side or not..
Generally pulpal pain is described in two ways by the
patient.
1. Sharp,Piercing and lancinating type
? 2.Dull, boring ,gnawing and excruciating type
? Vfter this the ability to localize the pain is also important .
Whether the pain is localized or diffused.
? Pain is localized when the patient point to a specific
tooth or site with assurance and speed when asked to
do.
? Pain is diffused, when the patient describe an area of
discomfort rather than a specific site.
? When the patient is asked to to point to the most
painful spot,patient,s finger move along the dental
arch or between the maxilla and mandible.
? Diffuseness is diagnostic because the inability to
localize the pain frequently relates to dental pain that
is dull,boring grawning,from a tooth that respond
abnormally to heat more than to cold and with
symptoms that can be referred to other sites.
? Duration: duration of pain is also diagnostic,as pulpal
pain lasts only as long as an irritant is present.Vt other
times it may last minutes to hours.
? Pain may either be intermittent or constant.
? Clinical experience has shown that a tooth fleeting
pulpal pain which disappear on removal of irritant has
an excellent chance of recovery without the need of
endodontic treatment.
? Vcute reversible pulpitis is characterized by pain of
short duration,caused by a specific irritant which
disappear as soon as the irritant is removed. Pain is
usually localized and is more responsive to cold than
heat.
? |f the pain persist persists or if it occurs without any
apparent cause ,the pulpitis will usually be
irrerversible and the patient will require endodontic
therapy.
? Spontaneous pain and pain of long duration indicated
irreversible pulpitis.
? Vbnormal dental pain caused by heat usually requires
endodontic treatment.
? Pain that occurs on changing the position of head
awakens the patient from sleep or occurs during
mastication of food in a cariously exposed tooth
usually indicate endodontic treatment.
© Ý
Objective symptoms are performed by the tests and
observations performed by the clinician . These test
includes:
1) Visual and Tactile inspection
2) Percussion
3) Palpation
4) obility and depressibility
5) Bite test
6) Radiograph
7) Electric pulp Test
8) Thermal Tests( hot and cold)
9) Vnaesthetic test
10) Test Cavity
|