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  is the art and science of writing hidden
messages in such a way that no
one apart from the sender and intended recipient even realizes there is a
hidden message.

he word comes from reek 
  or ͞covered͟ and

  or ͞writing͟ meaning
͞covered or hidden writing͟.

 
  







 sent a warning about a forthcoming attack to reece by
writing it on a wooden panel and covering it in wax.

2.nother ancient example is that of 
 encouraged 




 
to revolt against ersian king. e shaved the head of his most
trusted slave and tattooed a message on it. fter his hair had grown the
message was hidden.
 Õ
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" 
announces the release of a new and improved
version of their 


  
#
Õ
$

,
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Õ %&'( !
" )mteganography nalysis
and esearch Center (mC), the only commercially available real-
time


  detection system in the world. It uses digital



 , such that a file can
be embedded within, or appended to, another file in such a way
that it cannot be seen or heardand  
 (
  


 .

It is available for $14,995.00 for their business

partners worldwide.
 Õ
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mteganography is being used as a very powerful technique, even to Criminal
rganizations :
Um reported that bin Laden and others "are hiding maps and
photographs ofterrorist targets and posting instructions for terrorist activities on
sports chat rooms,pornographic bulletin boards and other websites, U.m. and foreign
officials say.͞

ello Kitty images were used by Colombian Drug lord *


 Õ

#
"

to hide messages to his minions as 


  vector. badia apparently
picked ello Kitty ashis courier because his wife was a big fan of the Japanese icon --
she had even decorated one of her rooms in a Brazilian house with ello Kitty-themed
chairs, watches and wallpaper

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LIC
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mecret
Message

Message
Cover
mbedding mtego Is mtego mecret
etrieval
Message lgorithm Message msg? Message
lgorithm

muppress
mecret Key mecret Key
Message
   
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:assive :
:
xamines all messages between lice and Bob.
: Does not change any message.
:For lice and Bob to communicate  2"3 should be
Indistinguishable from cover object.

: ctive :
:Deliberately alters message to thwart any hidden
communication even if no secret message is suspected.
:


  against ctive Warden is difficult.
:obust media watermark provides a potential way for



  in presence of ctive Warden.




2
 


 

obustness

obustness

amper
Invisibility
esistance

ood
mteganography
eneral
mteganography

Capacity Undetectibility

Capacity Undetectibility

mignal to oise
atio

 

  








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Ëood detection accuracy for the specific technique.
ËUseless for a new technique.

È(



  5
ËLess accurate in detection.
ËUsable on new embedding techniques.

We are using a 


 

 
 6"  5
he mummarized lgorithm is as follows :

1. melect a seed pixel and take as input its matrix form.

2. melect the neighbouring pixels.

3. Find the absolute rounded DC of the intensity of the neighbouring

pixels and find out and store the remainder after dividing it by 16.
Let the remainder be  .

4. mubtract  from the intensity and hence the resultant is divisible by

16.

Cont͙͙͙
5. ow add different values to the resultant intensity according to the different
4 bit binary message to be embedded according to the table givrn below :-
Mm
LU
 B
DD
D
0000 0
0001 1
0010 2
0011 3
0100 4
0101 5
0110 6
0111 7
1000 8
1001 9
1010 10
1011 11
1100 12
1101 13
1110 14
1111 15

6. he modified intensity is replaced in the original image matrix.

7. t the end we get the stego matrix embedded with the message.
 6

  5

he summarized lgorithm is as follows :

1. melect a seed pixel and take as input its matrix form.

2. melect the neighbouring pixels.

3. Find the absolute rounded DC of the intensity of the

neighbouring pixels and find out and store the remainder after
dividing it by 16. Let the remainder be  .

4. ow  represents the Decimal

alue of the embedded message .
When converted to 4-bit binary format we get out resultant
message at the receiver͛s end.
6



   
üuestions ͙. ???
With egards͙..!!!