Information Technology for Management

M. Minhaj
Why IT for Managers ?
 IT is pervasive in all types of businesses

 It is almost impossible to run a competitive

business without a computerized information
system

 Managers should know the strategic use of IT

to compete successfully in the global economy.
Understanding IT - Prerequisites …
Computer
The word “Computer” was derived from a
word “Compute” which means “calculate”.

Basically Computer can be considered as a

calculating machine.

Computer can be defined as “ Fast and

accurate electronic machine that accepts data
and instructions from the user, and returns the
required information after processing it “
 Computation Process

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Data Information

Data : Raw collection of figures and facts

Information : Processed Information

Information System

The term “Information System” refers to a

system of persons, data records and activities
that process the data to give useful
information in an organization
Information Technology

It is "the study, design, development,

implementation, support and management of
computer-based information systems,
particularly software applications and
computer hardware."
IT deals with the use of electronic computers
and computer software to convert, store,
protect, process, transmit, and securely
retrieve information.
 Computer System

Hardware

Software

User
Hardware
Includes all physical components.
Ex. Monitor, keyboard, etc
Software
Set of Programs

Program is set of instructions given to the

computer to perform certain task.

Instruction is a explicit command given to the

Computer
 General structure of Computer

I O
N CPU U
P T
CONTROL UNIT
U P
T U
ALU T
D
E S
V T
I O
C R
E MEMORY UNIT A
S G
E
Software and Hardware Technologies…
Types of Software
System :
Required by the system itself for its working.
Interacts with the hardware directly.
Ex. Operating System

Application :
Has a specific user application. Interacts with the
hardware with help of an Operating System.
Ex. Tally
 Hardware

CPU Peripherals
Input
Output
Storage

Examples :
Input : Keyboard, Mouse, Barcode, OMR, OCR, MICR etc.
Output : Printers etc

Types of Printers :
Impact – Dot Matrix
Non Impact – Laser, Inkjet
Memory / Storage
RAM - Random Access Memory
ROM – Read Only Memory

Secondary storage devices :

Harddisk, Floppies, CDs , Pendrives etc.

Memory measurement metrics : bit,byte,KB,MB,GB,TB

Key concepts of IT other than
Software and Hardware

Networks
Databases
Computer Networks
Interconnection of Computers.
Used for :
Communication
Sharing of resources
Network components
Cables – UTP, coaxial, OFC
Network cards
Central connecting devices - Hubs, switches
etc
Network Types
LAN, MAN, WAN

Wired, Wireless

Peer – to – Peer , Client - Server

Database
Collection of storage objects like tables.

TABLE
EMPNO NAME SALARY DEPTNO FIELD

10 ARUN 30000 10

20 KIRAN 40000 20
RECORD
Database Management System (DBMS)
Disadvantages of Conventional file system :
Redundancy, inconsistency etc

DBMS – Storage of data and program to manage

it

Examples of DBMS software – MS SQLServer,

MySQL, PostGRESQL
 Information Systems

The term “Information System” refers to a

system of persons, data records and activities
that process the data to give useful
information in an organization
Classification of Information Systems based
on organizational levels

 Functional (Departmental) Information

Systems
Ex. Marketing IS

 Enterprise Information Systems

Ex. ERP

 Interorganizational Systems
Ex. Worldwide airline reservation system
Different Information Systems based on
type of support provided
 MIS

 Decision Support System

 Expert Systems

etc.
 Management Information System

It is a planned system of collecting, processing,

storing and disseminating information needed to
carry out the functions of management

Ex. Product costing

Customer relationship management

It focuses on creating two-way exchanges with

customers so that firms have an intimate knowledge
of their needs, wants, and buying patterns.

CRM is intended to help companies understand, as

well as anticipate, the needs of current and potential
customers.

Functions that support this business purpose

include sales, marketing, customer service, training
etc
 Supply Chain Management

Supply chain management (SCM) is the process of

planning, implementing and controlling the
operations of the supply chain as efficiently as
possible.

Supply Chain Management spans all movements

and storage of raw material, work-in-process
inventory, and finished goods. From point-of-origin
to point-of-consumption.
 Enterprise Resource Planning

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) attempts to

integrate several data sources and processes of an
organization into a unified system

A key ingredient of most ERP systems is the use of

a unified database to store data for the various
system modules.

Ex. of ERP software - SAP