HISTORY OF BIOLOGY

Aristotle (384-322 B.C.)

 CONTRIBUTIONS

Famous Greek Philosopher

Father of Biology
First to classify living things
Divided the plants into herbs,
shrubs and trees and animals into
land dwellers, water dwellers and
air dwellers
Claudius Galen (A.D. 131-200)
 CONTRIBUTIONS
Greek physician who describe the
anatomy of the human body
based on dissections of apes and
pigs.
showed that arteries carry blood
His description contained many
errors, however, and were
unchallenged for 1,300 years.
Andreas Versalius (1514-1564)
 CONTRIBUTIONS
Father of Modern Anatomy
Made the first studies on human
anatomy by dissecting corpses “De
Humani Corporis Fabrica”.
He pioneered the comparative
approach, which is using other
animals to know the function and
organization of a particular
anatomical part of the body.
William Harvey (1578-1657)
 CONTRIBUTIONS
English physician who showed
conclusively that the heart pumps
the blood and the blood circulates.
He stimulated the development of
anatomy by proving the principle that
structure and function must be
studied together.
gave an accurate account of the
mechanism of the circulatory system
William Harvey Explains Blood Circulation
Robert Hooke (1665)
Contributions:

 English physiologist who discovered the

cell using piece of cork and his crude
microscope.

 discovered the law of elasticity, known as

Hooke’s law
Marcello Malpighi (1628-1694)
 CONTRIBUTIONS
 Italian physician and anatomist who was
the founder of microscopic anatomy.
 In 1661, he discovered the capillaries,
shedding light to the missing element in
Harvey’s theory of blood circulation.
 observed the microscopic components
of the liver, brain, kidneys, spleen, bone,
and the inner, or what came to be
known as the Malpighian, layer of the
skin
 discover red blood corpuscles
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1694)
 CONTRIBUTIONS
Cloth merchant, was the first to use
the microscope with great
observational and descriptive skills.
His most important discoveries
were microorganisms (including
bacteria), sperm cells and single-
celled organisms called
protozoans.
CAROLUS LINNAEUS (1707-1778)
 CONTRIBUTION

Father of Taxonomy
Developed binomial
nomenclature to classify and
organize plants and animals
GREGOR MENDEL (1822-1884)
 CONTRIBUTION

Father of Genetics
Developed the principles of
heredity by studying the variation
and heredity of seven pairs of
inherited characteristics in pea
plants
Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
 CONTRIBUTIONS
The most prominent figure in the
history of biology.
His book “Origin of Species”
(1859) presents the theory of
evolution by natural selection.
His work provided a unifying,
organizing framework for the field
of biology.
Jean Baptiste Lamarck
Contributions:

 French Botanist and zoologist was one of

the people to correctly observe that
species have changed over time.

 He proposed the theory of evolution based

on use and disuse.
Matthias Schleiden
Contributions:

 German botanist who investigated plant

part microscopically and stated that all
parts of plants are composed of cells.
Theodore Schwann

 German Zoologist and physiologist who

theorized that animals are made up of
cells.
 Founder of modern histology, the study of
the structure of plants and animal tissues.
Rudolf Virchow
Contributions:

 German scientist and founder of cellular

pathology who theorized that living cells
came from preexisting cells.
Louis Pasteur
Contributions:

 Father of Microbiology
 He pioneered pasteurization, a process of
heating milk to high temperature and
pressure to eliminate souring cause by
bacteria
 He developed vaccine for rabbies
 FILIPINO BIOLOGISTS
Leon Ma. Guerrero (1853-1935)
 CONTRIBUTIONS
Father of Philippine
Pharmacophytology.
He identified hundreds of trees
and herbs and sought to extract
from them certain substances
with therapeutic properties.
First to identify and describe
plants that poison fish.
Angel S. Arguelles (1888-1952)
 CONTRIBUTIONS

Taught Filipino planters and

farmers how to use fertilizers and
pesticides.
His name is listed among the
“American Men of Science” (He is
not an American)
 Nemesio L. Mendiola (1890-1983)
CONTRIBUTIONS
- Introduced better varieties of fruits,
vegetables and flowering plants.
- Breed a new variety of pineapple
that has the sweetness of the
Hawaiian pineapple and the high
yield of the native pineapple.
- He was referred to as the “Luther
Burbank” of the Philippines.
 Felix D. Maramba Sr. (1898-1983)
CONTRIBUTIONS
- Popular in the fields of agriculture and business.
- He contributed a machine that could turn rice
hull into fuels for farm engines, a charcoal and a
coconut-oil fed power generator and the biogas
technology.
- Other researches of Maramba are production of
alcohol from cassava, soap from lye, and
pelletized sludge organic fertilizer.
- He was indeed a man of ingenuity in agricultural
technology.
Juan Salcedo (1904-1988)
 CONTRIBUTIONS
 Launched the biggest project in the history of
Philippine medicine – the inclusion of enriched
rice in the Filipino diet.
 *Enriched rice is fortified with vitamin B1 to
cure beri-beri.
 He took other projects like the extensive drive
to combat mosquitoes which carry malaria
germs, and the use of the vaccine BCG to
combat tuberculosis.
 He was among the first batch of national
scientists named by the National Academy of
Science and Technology (NAST).
Fe Del Mundo (1907 – present)
 CONTRIBUTIONS
Invented the incubator and the
jaundice-relieving device for
babies.
She conducted an experiment on
immunization that help designate
the best age at which children
should be immunized.
She wrote many books and
research papers on pediatrics.
She was proclaimed a National
Scientist in 1980.
References

 http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainT
extHistories.asp?historyid=ac22

 http://www.macroevolution.net/famous-
biologists.html
QUIZ
1. An English physiologist who
discovered the cell in 1665 using a
piece of cork and his crude
microscope.
2. He was the first to discover red
blood corpuscles and to show that
they gave blood its color.


3. Who theorized that living cells
came from pre- existing cells?
4. Father of Microbiology and
pioneered of pasteurization.
5. Who proposed the natural
selection as explanation of
evolution?
6. Father of Biology.
7. Father of Genetics.
8. Father of Taxonomy and
developed binomial nomenclature
in classifying and naming organism
by genus and species.
9. He taught Filipino planters and
farmers how to use fertilizers and
pesticides.
10. Who invented the incubator and
the jaundice-relieving device for
babies?