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VAGINITIS /

VAGINOSIS
JULIANA CARMONA CARDONA
LINDA DAYHANA GARCÍA GARCÍA
Descarga Normal

Inoloras
Claras
Viscosas
PH ácido (<4,5)
NO neutrófilos
GPC DE LAS INFECCIONES VAGINALES Centro para el Desarrollo de la Farmacoepidemiología. Rev Cubana Farm. 2019;37(1):38-52.
Síndrome de Flujo Vaginal

Proceso Infeccioso
Se determina por la invasión
Prurito Vulvar o multiplicación de cualquier
microorganismo en la vagina
Ardor
Irritación
Conlleva a un
Disuria desbalance en la
flora normal
Dispareunia
Mal Olor
GPC DE LAS INFECCIONES VAGINALES Centro para el Desarrollo de la Farmacoepidemiología. Rev Cubana Farm. 2019;37(1):38-52.
Descarga anormal

Características de la descarga

Síntomas asociados

Tratamientos automedicados

Duchas vaginales / antisépticos

WHO guideline on the management of vaginal discharge. International Journal of STD & AIDS. 2018;29(13):1258-1272
Diseases Characterized by Genital, Anal, or Perianal Ulcers - 2015 STD Treatment Guidelines. 2019
FACTORES DE RIESGO

 Poca Higiene  Parasitosis


 Múltiples Parejas Sexuales  Incontinencia Urinaria Y Fecal
 Estrés  Deficiencia Inmunológica
 Baños Públicos o Tinas  Hormonas
 Embarazo  Malformaciones Congénitas
 Diabetes  Uso Frecuente De Antibióticos

WHO guideline on the management of vaginal discharge. International Journal of STD & AIDS. 2018;29(13):1258-1272
Diseases Characterized by Genital, Anal, or Perianal Ulcers - 2015 STD Treatment Guidelines. 2019
PATOLOGÍAS ASOCIADAS
Vaginosis Bacteriana Falta lactobacillus
vaginales

Duchas vaginales
Epidemiologia:
• Causa mas frecuente
• 5-15% mujeres blancas
• 45-55% mujeres negras
Nueva pareja sexual

Homosexuales,
múltiples parejas

WHO guideline on the management of vaginal discharge. International Journal of STD & AIDS. 2018;29(13):1258-1272
Diseases Characterized by Genital, Anal, or Perianal Ulcers - 2015 STD Treatment Guidelines. 2019
Fisiopatología

Cistitis por Gardnerella Vaginalis: Reporte de caso y revisión. Revista de la Facultad de Medicina, 23(2), 98-101.
Patógenos Complicaciones
 Gardnerella vaginalis  ITS
 Prevotella spp.  1,5% Clamidia y gonococo
 Mycoplasma hominis  9 veces mayor tricomona
 Mobiluncus spp  Parto prematuro y aborto
espontaneo
WHO guideline on the management of vaginal discharge. International Journal of STD & AIDS. 2018;29(13):1258-1272
Diseases Characterized by Genital, Anal, or Perianal Ulcers - 2015 STD Treatment Guidelines. 2019
Criterios de Amsel
3 de 4 criterios (Sensibilidad 72%)

- pH > 4,5.
- Descarga fina, blanca, adherente y hmogénea.
- Test de amina positiva en presencia de KHO aa 10%.
- Presencia 10 – 20% células indicadoras (clue cells) en examen microscópico en
preparación salina.

WHO guideline on the management of vaginal discharge. International Journal of STD & AIDS. 2018;29(13):1258-1272
Diseases Characterized by Genital, Anal, or Perianal Ulcers - 2015 STD Treatment Guidelines. 2019
Gold Standard

• Tinción Gram

• Células Claves

WHO guideline on the management of vaginal discharge. International Journal of STD & AIDS. 2018;29(13):1258-1272
Diseases Characterized by Genital, Anal, or Perianal Ulcers - 2015 STD Treatment Guidelines. 2019
TRATAMIENTO
Indicaciones
Aliviar síntomas • Sintomáticas
• Microscopia directa positiva
• Embarazadas
Reducir • Procedimiento quirúrgico o
ginecológico
complicaciones

Disminuir riesgo
de otras ITS

WHO guideline on the management of vaginal discharge. International Journal of STD & AIDS. 2018;29(13):1258-1272
Diseases Characterized by Genital, Anal, or Perianal Ulcers - 2015 STD Treatment Guidelines. 2019
Régimen
recomendado
Metronidazol 500 mg VO 2 veces al día por 7
días

Metronidazol gel 0.75 % 1 vez al día por 5


días

Clindamicina gel 2% cada noche x 7 noches.

WHO guideline on the management of vaginal discharge. International Journal of STD & AIDS. 2018;29(13):1258-1272
Diseases Characterized by Genital, Anal, or Perianal Ulcers - 2015 STD Treatment Guidelines. 2019
RECURRENCIAS
* Metronidazol gel 0.75% 2 veces cada
semana por 4 - 6 semanas.

* Metronidazol 2 gr VO + Fluconazol 150mg


vo mensual.

WHO guideline on the management of vaginal discharge. International Journal of STD & AIDS. 2018;29(13):1258-1272
Diseases Characterized by Genital, Anal, or Perianal Ulcers - 2015 STD Treatment Guidelines. 2019
Embarazo
 Metronidazol 500 mg VO 2 veces al
día x 7 días.

 Metronidazol 250 mg VO 3 veces al


día x 7 días.

 Clindamicina 300 mg VO 2 veces al


día x 7 días.

WHO guideline on the management of vaginal discharge. International Journal of STD & AIDS. 2018;29(13):1258-1272
Diseases Characterized by Genital, Anal, or Perianal Ulcers - 2015 STD Treatment Guidelines. 2019
Vaginitis Aeróbica

S. aureus
Streptococo
G.b

E.coli

WHO guideline on the management of vaginal discharge. International Journal of STD & AIDS. 2018;29(13):1258-1272
Diseases Characterized by Genital, Anal, or Perianal Ulcers - 2015 STD Treatment Guidelines. 2019
Diagnóstico

Gold Standard

Microscopia montura
húmeda

WHO guideline on the management of vaginal discharge. International Journal of STD & AIDS. 2018;29(13):1258-1272
Diseases Characterized by Genital, Anal, or Perianal Ulcers - 2015 STD Treatment Guidelines. 2019
TRATAMIENTO

 Clindamicia crema 2% , 5 gr intravaginal por 7-21


días

 Clindamicina intravaginal + hidrocortisona 300 mg


intravaginal durante 7-21 días

 Ovulos kanamicina o moxifloxacina 1 ovulo día por


6 días

WHO guideline on the management of vaginal discharge. International Journal of STD & AIDS. 2018;29(13):1258-1272
Diseases Characterized by Genital, Anal, or Perianal Ulcers - 2015 STD Treatment Guidelines. 2019
Causada por un crecimiento excesivo de
hongos del género CANDIDA

Candidiasis
Vulvovaginal
1. Sherrard J, Wilson J, Donders G, Mendling W, Jensen J. 2018 European (IUSTI/WHO) International Union against sexually transmitted infections (IUSTI) World Health Organisation (WHO) guideline on the management of vaginal discharge. International Journal of STD & AIDS. 2018;29(13):1258-1272
2. Diseases Characterized by Genital, Anal, or Perianal Ulcers - 2015 STD Treatment Guidelines [Internet]. Cdc.gov. 2019 [cited 20 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/genital-ulcers.htm
EL 60% de las mujeres premenopáusicas sanas
LOGÍA están colonizadas

Se estima que el 75% experimentará un


MIO

episodio sintomático en su vida


EPIDE

Del 40-45% tendrán 2 o mas episodios en su


vida.

Del 6-9% de las mujeres tendrá candidiasis


recurrente crónica.

1. Sherrard J, Wilson J, Donders G, Mendling W, Jensen J. 2018 European (IUSTI/WHO) International Union against sexually transmitted infections (IUSTI) World Health Organisation (WHO) guideline on the management of vaginal discharge. International Journal of STD & AIDS. 2018;29(13):1258-1272
2. Diseases Characterized by Genital, Anal, or Perianal Ulcers - 2015 STD Treatment Guidelines [Internet]. Cdc.gov. 2019 [cited 20 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/genital-ulcers.htm
MANIFESTACIONES CLÍNICAS
 Dispareunia
 Prurito
 Dolor Vaginal
 Disuria
 Eritema
 Edema Vulvar
 Fisuras
 Lesiones Papulopustulosas
 Placas Amarillentas/Blancas
 Descarga Vaginal Grumosa
Espesa

1. Sherrard J, Wilson J, Donders G, Mendling W, Jensen J. 2018 European (IUSTI/WHO) International Union against sexually transmitted infections (IUSTI) World Health Organisation (WHO) guideline on the management of vaginal discharge. International Journal of STD & AIDS. 2018;29(13):1258-1272
2. Diseases Characterized by Genital, Anal, or Perianal Ulcers - 2015 STD Treatment Guidelines [Internet]. Cdc.gov. 2019 [cited 20 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/genital-ulcers.htm
COMPLICACIONES

Corioamnionitis

Parto Prematuro

Síndrome de
Vestibulitis Vulvar
1. Sherrard J, Wilson J, Donders G, Mendling W, Jensen J. 2018 European (IUSTI/WHO) International Union against sexually transmitted infections (IUSTI) World Health Organisation (WHO) guideline on the management of vaginal discharge. International Journal of STD & AIDS. 2018;29(13):1258-1272
2. Diseases Characterized by Genital, Anal, or Perianal Ulcers - 2015 STD Treatment Guidelines [Internet]. Cdc.gov. 2019 [cited 20 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/genital-ulcers.htm
DIAGNÓSTICO MICROSCOPIA
DIRECTA
HALLAZGOS
MICROSCOPICOS

TINCIÓN CON GRAM


PRESENCIA DE LEVADURAS O
SIGNOS Y PSEUDO HIFAS
SINTOMAS

CULTIVO EN SABOUREUD

1. Sherrard J, Wilson J, Donders G, Mendling W, Jensen J. 2018 European (IUSTI/WHO) International Union against sexually transmitted infections (IUSTI) World Health Organisation (WHO) guideline on the management of vaginal discharge. International Journal of STD & AIDS. 2018;29(13):1258-1272
2. Diseases Characterized by Genital, Anal, or Perianal Ulcers - 2015 STD Treatment Guidelines [Internet]. Cdc.gov. 2019 [cited 20 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/genital-ulcers.htm
Tratamiento
Clotrimazol Vaginal Comp 500 Mg Única Dosis

Fluconazol 150 Mg VO Única Dosis

Clotrimazol Vaginal Comp 200 Mg 1 Al Día Por 3 Días.

Clotrimazol Vaginal 1% En Crema 5g Intravaginales Diarios Por 7-14 Días.

Clotrimazol Vaginal 2% En Crema 5g Intravaginales Por 7 Días

Miconazol Óvulo Vaginal De 1,2g Dosis Única

Miconazol Óvulo Vaginal 200mg al día por 3 días


1. Sherrard J, Wilson J, Donders G, Mendling W, Jensen J. 2018 European (IUSTI/WHO) International Union against sexually transmitted infections (IUSTI) World Health Organisation (WHO) guideline on the management of vaginal discharge. International Journal of STD & AIDS. 2018;29(13):1258-1272
2. Diseases Characterized by Genital, Anal, or Perianal Ulcers - 2015 STD Treatment Guidelines [Internet]. Cdc.gov. 2019 [cited 20 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/genital-ulcers.htm
Candidiasis Recurrente
Son 4 o más episodios
Cultivo Positivo
en un año

TRATAMIENTO
Clotrimazol Vaginal 1g al mes por 6 meses

Fluconazol 150 mg día por 3 días, continuar


misma dosis cada semana por 6 meses.

1. Sherrard J, Wilson J, Donders G, Mendling W, Jensen J. 2018 European (IUSTI/WHO) International Union against sexually transmitted infections (IUSTI) World Health Organisation (WHO) guideline on the management of vaginal discharge. International Journal of STD & AIDS. 2018;29(13):1258-1272
2. Diseases Characterized by Genital, Anal, or Perianal Ulcers - 2015 STD Treatment Guidelines [Internet]. Cdc.gov. 2019 [cited 20 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/genital-ulcers.htm
Candidiasis
Vulvovaginal en Embarazadas

Solo tópicos , porque los orales son


teratógenos
TRATAMIENTO

Clotrimazol Vaginal 100mg por 7 días.

Terconazol 0,4%, 5g Intravaginal por 7


días
1. Sherrard J, Wilson J, Donders G, Mendling W, Jensen J. 2018 European (IUSTI/WHO) International Union against sexually transmitted infections (IUSTI) World Health Organisation (WHO) guideline on the management of vaginal discharge. International Journal of STD & AIDS. 2018;29(13):1258-1272
2. Diseases Characterized by Genital, Anal, or Perianal Ulcers - 2015 STD Treatment Guidelines [Internet]. Cdc.gov. 2019 [cited 20 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/genital-ulcers.htm
Tricomoniasis
 Es la ETS no viral más común en el ….., causada
por el protozoo Trichomona Vaginalis

 Predomina en mujeres entre los 16-35 años

1. Sherrard J, Wilson J, Donders G, Mendling W, Jensen J. 2018 European (IUSTI/WHO) International Union against sexually transmitted infections (IUSTI) World Health Organisation (WHO) guideline on the management of vaginal discharge. International Journal of STD & AIDS. 2018;29(13):1258-1272
2. Diseases Characterized by Genital, Anal, or Perianal Ulcers - 2015 STD Treatment Guidelines [Internet]. Cdc.gov. 2019 [cited 20 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/genital-ulcers.htm
MANIFESTACIONES CLÍNICAS
Leucorrea abundante, espumosa, fétida, color amarillo verdoso.

Prurito

Dispareunia

Disuria

Ph >5

A la Especuloscopia:
Eritema vaginal y cervical (cérvix en fresa)
1. Sherrard J, Wilson J, Donders G, Mendling W, Jensen J. 2018 European (IUSTI/WHO) International Union against sexually transmitted infections (IUSTI) World Health Organisation (WHO) guideline on the management of vaginal discharge. International Journal of STD & AIDS. 2018;29(13):1258-1272
2. Diseases Characterized by Genital, Anal, or Perianal Ulcers - 2015 STD Treatment Guidelines [Internet]. Cdc.gov. 2019 [cited 20 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/genital-ulcers.htm
DIAGNÓSTICO

Microscopia directa de montura húmeda  sensibilidad


del 45-60%

Prueba rápida osom de trichomonas S: 80-94%


E:>95%

Prueba de amplificación de ácido nucleico del flujo


vagina  S: 88-97% E: 98-97%
1. Sherrard J, Wilson J, Donders G, Mendling W, Jensen J. 2018 European (IUSTI/WHO) International Union against sexually transmitted infections (IUSTI) World Health Organisation (WHO) guideline on the management of vaginal discharge. International Journal of STD & AIDS. 2018;29(13):1258-1272
2. Diseases Characterized by Genital, Anal, or Perianal Ulcers - 2015 STD Treatment Guidelines [Internet]. Cdc.gov. 2019 [cited 20 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/genital-ulcers.htm
Tratamiento

Metronidazol VO Comp 500mg 2 veces al día por 7 días

Metronidazol 2g VO dosis única

Tinidazol 2g VO dosis única

1. Sherrard J, Wilson J, Donders G, Mendling W, Jensen J. 2018 European (IUSTI/WHO) International Union against sexually transmitted infections (IUSTI) World Health Organisation (WHO) guideline on the management of vaginal discharge. International Journal of STD & AIDS. 2018;29(13):1258-1272
2. Diseases Characterized by Genital, Anal, or Perianal Ulcers - 2015 STD Treatment Guidelines [Internet]. Cdc.gov. 2019 [cited 20 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/genital-ulcers.htm
Tricomoniasis Recurrente
TRATAMIENTO

Metronidazol 500mg VO 2 veces al día por 7 días

Metronidazol 2g VO una vez al día por 7 días

Tinidazol 2g VO una vez al día por 7 dias

En caso de falla de tratamiento debe ser


manejado por infectología
1. Sherrard J, Wilson J, Donders G, Mendling W, Jensen J. 2018 European (IUSTI/WHO) International Union against sexually transmitted infections (IUSTI) World Health Organisation (WHO) guideline on the management of vaginal discharge. International Journal of STD & AIDS. 2018;29(13):1258-1272
2. Diseases Characterized by Genital, Anal, or Perianal Ulcers - 2015 STD Treatment Guidelines [Internet]. Cdc.gov. 2019 [cited 20 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/genital-ulcers.htm
EL ÉXITO DEL TRATAMIENTO
DEPENDE EN GRAN PARTE DEL
MANEJO DE LA PAREJA SEXUAL

1. Sherrard J, Wilson J, Donders G, Mendling W, Jensen J. 2018 European (IUSTI/WHO) International Union against sexually transmitted infections (IUSTI) World Health Organisation (WHO) guideline on the management of vaginal discharge. International Journal of STD & AIDS. 2018;29(13):1258-1272
2. Diseases Characterized by Genital, Anal, or Perianal Ulcers - 2015 STD Treatment Guidelines [Internet]. Cdc.gov. 2019 [cited 20 February 2019]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/genital-ulcers.htm

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