NUCLEAR

POWER PLANT
INTRODUCTION:
WHAT IS A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT?

NUCLEAR POWER PLANT or nuclear power

station is a thermal power station in
which the heat source is a nuclear reactor.
HISTORY:
Manhattan Project
The secret government project is to create
atomic weapons during world war II but after
the war, the government encouraged the
development of nuclear energy for civilian
purposes. This led to the technology used in
nuclear plants today.
MANHATTAN PROJECT SITE

J. ROBERT OPPENHEIMER

GEN. LESLIE GROVES

Early Beginnings
Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) authorized the
construction of Experimental Breeder Reactor-1 at a site
in Idaho in 1941. A football sized core was created and
kept at low power for four months until December
20,1951. power was gradually increase until the first
usable amount of electricity was generated, lighting four
light bulb and introducing nuclear generated power for
the first time. A few years later the town of Arco, Idaho
became the worlds first community to get its entire
power supply from a nuclear reactor.
EXPERIMENTAL BREEDER
REACTOR-1
BATAAN NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
Bataan Nuclear Power Plant is a nuclear power plant that was
completed but never fueled located at Morong, Bataan. It was
mothballed due to safety concerns in the wake of the 1986
Chernobyl nuclear disaster in the Soviet Ukraine in Eastern
Europe.
The program of the said power plant started in 1958 with the
creation of the Philippine Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC)
under Republic Act 2067. under the regime of martial law,
Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos in July 1973
announced the decision to build a nuclear power plant.
Construction on the Bataan Nuclear Power plant began in
1976 and was completed on April 1986.
CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR DISASTER
 POWER PLANT SITE CAPACITY LOCATION YEAR
CREATED
1.KASHIWAZAKI-KARIWA NUCLEAR POWER PLANT 7,965 MW JAPAN 1985

2. BRUCE NECLEAR GENERATION STATION 6,300 MW ONTARIO, CANADA 1977

3. HANUL NUCLEAR POWER PLANT 5,881 MW GYEONGSANGBUK-DO, 1988

SOUTH KOREA
4.HANBIT NUCLEAR POWER PLANT 5,875 MW JEOLLANAM-DO, 1986
SOUTH KOREA
5. GRAVELINES NUCLEAR POWER STATION 5,700 MW NORD, FRANCE 1980

6. ZAPORIZHIA NUCLEAR POWER PLANT 5,700 MW ENERHODAR, UKRAINE 1985

7. PALUEL NUCLEAR POWER PLANT 5,528 MW PALUEL, FRANCE 1984

8. CATTENOM NUCLEAR POWER PLANT 5,448 MW CATTNOM, FRANCE 1979

9. OI NUCLEAR POWER PLANT 4,494 MW OI, FUKUI PREFECTURE, JAPAN 1979

10. QUINSHAN NUCLEAR POWER PLANT 4,038 MW QINSHAN, ZHEJIANG, CHINA 1985
WORLDS LARGEST NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
KASHIWAZAKI-KARIWA
BRUCE NUCLEAR GENERATING
STATION
HANUL NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
HANBIT NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
ZAPORIZHZHIA NUCLEAR
POWER PLANT
GRAVELINES NUCLEAR
POWER PLANT
 ADVANTAGES:
1. Relatively Low Costs
The initial construction costs of nuclear power plants are large. On top of this, when the power plants
first have been built, we are left with the costs to enrich and process the nuclear fuel (e.g. uranium),
control and get rid of nuclear waste, as well as the maintenance of the plant. The reason this is under
advantages is that nuclear energy is cost-competitive. Generating electricity in nuclear reactors is
cheaper than electricity generating from oil, gas and coal, not to speak of the renewable energy
sources!
2. Low Pollution
It is in most cases more beneficial, in terms of the climate crisis, to replace other energy harnessing
methods we use today with nuclear power. The environmental effects of nuclear power are relatively
light compared to those. However, nuclear waste is potential harmful for both humans and the
environment.
3. High Energy Density
It is estimated the amount of energy released in a nuclear fission reaction is ten million times greater
than the amount released in burning a fossil fuel atom (e.g. oil and gas). Therefore, the amount of fuel
required in a nuclear power plant is much smaller compared to those of other types of power plants.
ADVANTAGES:
• 4. Abundant Supply
Uranium is the significant element in the process of nuclear fission and
with the world having enough supply to last for 70 to 80 years, depletion
is never a problem. Also, since nuclear plants are capable of meeting the
demands for energy without interruption for at least a year so long as no
maintenance work is required, this type of energy source is ideal.
• 5. Environment-friendly
Carbon emitted in the air from various sources result to pollution and
aggravates global warming. Unlike coal and natural gas that are
pollutants, nuclear energy does not release carbon dioxide and is cleaner.
Moreover, it has lower greenhouse emissions.
•
 DISADVANTAGES:
1. Harmful

Although the process of producing nuclear energy has lesser greenhouse gas
emissions, it has an increasing number of nuclear reactors which puts the health and
safety of the people living near the vicinity in line. During the 1970s, the core of one
of the reactors was damaged while in Ohio, an accident almost occurred during
inspection and was said to have been a result of poor maintenance. Also, Plutonium,
which is produced when used fuel is re-processed, is important in creating bombs. If
this gets stolen by bad people, it can result to death and destruction.
2. Expensive

Despite the low maintenance costs of nuclear power plants, a substantial amount of
investment is needed to build these plants. In fact, around $2 billion dollars is
needed to build a 1,000-megawatt power plant and time table can take up to five
years.
 DISADVANTAGES:
3. Nuclear Waste Disposal Issues

One of the major setbacks of nuclear power plants is the lack of long-term
waste disposal facilities. Wastes are stored on the grounds of these power
plants and sooner or later, there will be no space left to contain these
nuclear wastes.

4. Leak Potential

Accidents can happen despite the safety systems applied to nuclear

reactors. If leaks happen, the radioactive byproduct of nuclear energy is
toxic and can cause burns, cancer, blood diseases and bone decay.
WORKING PRINCIPLE:

-Inside a nuclear power station, energy is released

by nuclear fission in the core of the reactor.
-In 1kg of uranium can produce as much energy as
the burning of 4500 tones of high grade variety of
coal or 2000 tones of oil.
NUCLEAR FISSION:
The process of
splitting an atom
by introducing a
neutron into the
atom’s nuclei,
thus creating two
lighter atoms.
CHAIN REACTION:
Are reaction
where nuclear
energy is
obtained,
generally through
nuclear fission.
TWO MAIN TYPES OF REACTOR:

Pressurized water reactor

Boiling water reactor
 PROCESS:
PRESURIZED WATER REACTOR
• Heat is produce in the reactor due to nuclear fission and
there is chain reaction.
• The heat generated in the reactors is carried away by the
coolant circulated through the core.
• As the water passes through the steam generator it gets
converted into steam.
• The steam produce in the steam generator is sent to the
turbine. The turbine blades rotate
• The turbine shaft coupled to a generator and
electricity is produced
• After the steam performing the work on the turbine
blades by expansion, it comes out of the turbine as
wet steam. This is converted back into the water.
• The feed pump pumps back the condensed water
into the steam generator.
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
BLOCK DIAGRAM
BOILING WATER
REACTOR
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
BLOCK DIAGRAM
 WASTE OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANT:

The most significant high level waste

from nuclear reactor is the used nuclear fuel
left after it has spent about three years in
the reactor generating heat for electricity.
Low level waste is made up of lightly-
contaminated items
 MANAGING WASTE OF NUCLEAR
POWER PLANT
Used nuclear fuel is very hot and
radioactive. Handling and storing it safely
can be done only as long as it cooled and
plant workers are shielded from the
radiation it produces by a dense material
like concrete or steel, or by a few meters of
water.
THANK
YOU!