NATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016

WASTE MANAGEMENT: TOWARDS ACHIEVING THE ZERO WASTE

Current Practices of Waste Management in Selangor

and Option/ Models towards Achieving Sustainable
Waste Management Practices

Liw Teck Leong

PE Research Sdn Bhd
08 December 2016
Current Practices of SWM
2015
10% - 83%
of PBT’s Budget
Average
20% - 40%
Source: PBTs input for Recycling Pilot Study
Waste Collection
Old vehicles in use, often small ones in a poor state, overloaded vehicles.
 Justification for larger collection vehicles.

Large number of (small) contractors employed

 Detrimental effect on efforts for optimisation (economy of scale) and standardisation of
service provision.

Recycling on truck rounds is widespread.

 Productivity affected

Collection contractors dispose based on proximity, gate fee

 hence facility capacity planning is impossible

Short contract duration (3 years) does not encourage investment (bankability).

 Existing contractual conditions, duration, varying termination dates may be a barrier to
short term implementation of improved conditions and integration. 4
 Systems NOT physically defined (waste)

Collector 1

Landfill 1

Industries

Landfill 2

Commercials

Collector 2

Recycling
Industries
Households Other facilities
Collector 3 e.g. RDF
Solid Waste Management AS TODAY
More COMPLICATED as compared to e.g. Sewage
 Landfill 1

Industries Collector 1

Landfill 2

Commercials

Collector 2

Recycling
Industries

Households Other facilities

Collector 3 e.g. RDF

Solid Waste Management WITH DEFINED SCHEMES

All Players knows their roles in the schemes
Waste Disposal
Remaining landfill capacity
at critical level –
Alternative disposal facilities
URGENTLY required.
With extension site life
extended to 2025
RDF Plant at Semenyih at
maximum capacity in 2014
for (MP Kajang waste).
Cease operation, waste from
Kajang is being disposed at
Tanjung 12 landfill.

Shah Alam Transfer Station at

maximum capacity in 2014.
50% of waste from Subang Jaya
being diverted to Tanjung 12.

Life expectancy of facility – major

refurbishment/ expansion
required
Sustainability in SWM Practices
Sustainability in SWM Practices
Our economy depends on natural resources –
 including raw materials (minerals, biomass, biological resources)
 Environmental media (air, water, soil)
 Flow resources (wind, geothermal, tidal and solar energy)
 Space (land area)

 If the current patterns of resource use are maintained environmental degradation

and depletion of natural resources will continue

 Ultimately it is the more sustainable use of natural resources to ensure improved

resource efficiency
Sustainability in SWM Practices

 The challenge for policy makers in the State (and at Federal level) is to
facilitate and stimulate growth while at the same time ensuring that the
condition of the Environment does not get worse.

 In the context of waste management initially our environmental policies have

focused on visible problems due to emissions and waste (typically reducing
pollution from “point sources” such as landfills and waste treatment
facilities).

 However increased waste production volumes have often outpaced overall

environmental improvements or efficiency gains and current policy and
practice in Malaysia have not reversed fundamentally unsustainable trends of
waste production.
 Sustainability in SWM Practices
So what can be done?

 Adopt a policy of a “RECYCLING SOCIETY” with the aim of:

Avoiding waste and using waste as a resource

 Develop a State Wide Master Plan for waste management

encompassing storage, collection, transportation,
treatment and disposal (legal, institutional, financial,
operational, contract requirements)
Sustainability in SWM Practices
1) Adopt the waste hierarchy
(with due assessment of life cycle for
different waste treatment methods)

2) Make waste prevention a priority

3) Enhance the Legal Framework to promote waste prevention and reuse

4) Introduce life cycle thinking in waste policy,

5) Assess environmental impacts throughout the entire life cycle of a product,

from extraction of resources to disposal.

6) Include environmental indicators for contractors supplying waste services

Sustainability in SWM Practices

 Develop a realistic Action Plan for recycling (including education and

awareness campaigns, progressive introduction of source recovery)

 Build a knowledge base

- Data centre for policy makers to enhance and improve knowledge base on
resource use and its environmental impacts
 Measure progress – developing indicators
Indicators to measure progress in efficiency and productivity in use of
natural resources
Progressive recycling targets
INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
• From municipal removal of domestic waste
(Cleanliness in urban areas)

• To comprehensive and integrated management of

all types of waste from all types of sources.
To ensure:
- Cleanliness
- Avoid pollution and environmental degradation
- Avoid global warming
- Resource recovery
INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

SOLID WASTE
Household, Collection, separation, storage,
Institutional, transportation, treatment, disposal
Commercial,
C&D,
Industrial Waste

Policy
formulation Codes of
practice

Standards,
KPI Technical
guidelines
Waste
classification
Inter-agency
Inputs to policy
Recycling coordination
diversion.
Why Integrated Solid Waste Management System
(ISWM)
Components of a Management System for
ISWM
• Equity: all citizens are entitled to an
appropriate waste management
systems for environmental health
reasons;

• Effectiveness: the waste management

model applied will lead to safe
removal of all waste;

• Efficiency: the management of all

waste is done by maximising the
benefits, minimising the cost, and
optimising the use of resources;

• Sustainability: the waste management

system is appropriate to the local
conditions and feasible from a
technical, environmental, social,
economic, financial, institutional and
political perspective.
Important elements of a successful recycling strategy
high willingness of participants, strong enthusiasm to participate
The average set out rate was 64% from the residential premises. 88% stated they
will continue recycling after the project ends. Residents are willing to participate
in recycling.

authority, government leadership & legitimacy

Keen participation of the local authorities are important as they provide leadership
and authority as well as being essential facilitators for this recycling project.

driver, local leader, PBT, project

The pilot project demonstrated that voluntary recycling activities using a bottom-
up approach with the involvement of local leaders is very important.

system, e.g. bags, regular collection, infra.

A modernised system must be in place – with standard infrastructure to provide
regular, efficient and a standard service with little disruption to the current
system.

information, i.e. CEPA, constant reminders

Constant reminders, face-to-face communication, weekly bag distribution and
consistent collection services are important to increase participation.

recycling agents, willingness to participate

The recyclers cooperated because they were able to collect more recyclable items
throughout the project. They will participate if they can benefit from recycling
18
 System-wide Infrastructure
Data investment
management
collection plan
plan

ISWM
Features

Proper
Open tender education and
Local
for SWM public
regulations
contracts awareness
programme
 Proper
ISWM education and
System-wide
Infrastructure
Open Local
tender for
public
management
Data collection
Features investment
SWM regulations
plan
contracts
awareness
plan
programme

•sets goals,
•provide information to tenderers which is consistent, complete
•to inform
and on the
unambiguous performance of the SWM system
and
•accurately
•developed
and also identifies and evaluates
to ensure timingsystem options,
and capacity are
•assess
•support
•will performance
requirethe
consistent plan for every
bytoenforcement part
withof penalties
the operation,
and
•establishes a for effective
for policy, performance of ISWM;
contractors
basis
perform a high level of service in a
andobtainefficient
•to
productive,
fines. feedback and on
cost-effective manner
the services
•provides a mechanism for measuring progress, and
•maintain a regular monitoring and assessment
• sets sustainable budgets for programmes and infrastructure;
programme
Selangor Recycling Pilot Project
Action Plan Mandatory

Voluntary

Voluntary

Voluntary

(Voluntary)

(Voluntary)
22
Action Plan Mandatory

Voluntary
Announcement of Recycling
Programme

Setting up State Solid Waste

Voluntary Department

Training staff of PBTs on 3R

and SWM

Mapping and Listing of

Recycling Areas

(Voluntary Registration of Recyclers and

) Recycling Industry

Training Local Leaders and

NGOs
23

Monitoring and Evaluation

Action Plan
Mandatory

Targeting Areas that are Difficult to

Voluntary Get Good Participation

Increasing investment in Equipment

Revision of Contracts
Voluntary

Licensing for Recyclers and

Recycling industry

Infrastructure Improvement
(Voluntary
)
Monitoring and Evaluation

24
PBT plans through stages 1 and 2
(as the main drivers of voluntary initiatives)

 There will be a need to have a structured approach

for the development of a municipal waste recycling
plan based on the following strategy considerations:
i. Set out objectives and scope for recycling and provide a road map
of how to get there.
ii. Evaluate available data for reliability – there may be risks in using
existing or particular data sets.
iii. Consider data that will be necessary in the future for service
development, and ascertain how to get the information.
iv. Evaluate options, with consideration of the practical extent to
which recyclables can be collected – this may include type of
premises, location of storage facilities, availability of markets for
recyclables etc.). 25
 PBT plans through stages 1 and 2
(as the main drivers of voluntary initiatives)
 There will be a need to have a structured approach
for the development of a municipal waste recycling
plan based on the following strategy considerations:
v. Determine a realistic timescale for launch of recycling schemes
(consider progressive introduction consistent with resources).
vi. The plan must consider other related plans for solid waste and
recycling in neighbouring PBTs and also planning by the State, and
wherever practicable they should have an integrated approach. It
may be possible to share datasets and coordinate community
engagement.
vii. Engage actively with stakeholders at an early stage of planning.
viii. The plan should have clear indicators and targets against which to
measure progress and it should identify the “triggers” for
26
review.
ix. Ensure the plan is properly monitored and its success properly
evaluated
Identify Communities to Start Recycling
Plan in Stages
Residential
 Recycling programme - in stages, go after the low hanging fruits first

Traits
Low Hanging Fruits Difficult Adopters
Strong PBT Weak PBT (low resource)
Strong local leaders Weak/ No local leaders
High community cohesiveness Low community cohesiveness
High awareness Low Awareness
Gated community Non-gated community/
Management Committee without management
Committee
Medium/High-end residential Low cost residential

Commercial/ Industry
 Recycling clause can be built into license requirement.
 In the recycling clause also, they are only allowed to hire registered recycler to take
27 care of
their recyclables.
 Register of Industry, type of waste, waste management contractor
 Action Plan
Mandatory

Institutional Framework
Strengthening

Voluntary Finalising Registration List of

Recyclers and Recycling
Industry

Introduction of Legal
Imperatives
Voluntary
Keeping Local Communities
Informed of New Law

Monitoring and Enforcement

(Voluntary
)

28
Thank you