Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
www.gov.ns.ca/enla
NS OH&S Act
Is there a need for a SYSTEM of PLAN, DO,
CHECK, ACT with respect to OH&S?
Program (among other requirements)
Training
Procedures
JOSH Committee
Hazard Identification
Inspections
Monitoring/Follow-up/Control of Hazards
Incident Investigation
Maintenance of Records and Documentation
Monitoring of implementation and
effectiveness of the program
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
CSChE PSM
Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering;
Process Safety Management
AIHA OH&SMS
American Industrial Hygiene Association;
Occupational Health and Safety Management
System
BS 8800, BSI/OHSAS 18001 (ISO 18001)
British Standard; British Standards Institute;
Occupational Health and Safety Assessment
Series
ISO 14001
CSChE PSM
Free resource available at www.chemeng.ca
Provides an overview of process safety
management for facilities handling hazardous
materials
Based on the tools developed by the Center for
Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) of the American
Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE)
Presentation here courtesy of Graham Creedy of
Canadian Chemical Producers’ Association (CCPA)
History of safety philosophy in
the chemical industry
We can consider in four phases:
Late 19th – early 20th century
Origin of much of basic safety thinking in the
explosives industry (protection of capital assets)
Second world war through 50s and 60s
Concepts of loss prevention and investment in
people (often rule-based)
70s and 80s (Process Safety Management)
Recognition of seriousness of consequences and
mechanisms of causation lead to focus on the
process rather than the individual worker
90s and beyond
Realization of significance of sociocultural factors
Process safety management
Definitions
Direction
Leadership
Measurement
Structure
Controlling Implementing
Results
Features and characteristics of a
management system for process safety
Planning Organizing
Explicit goals and objectives Strong sponsorship
Well-defined scope Clear lines of authority
Clear-cut desired outputs Explicit assignments of roles and
Consideration of alternative achievement responsibilities
mechanisms Formal procedures
Well-defined inputs and resource Internal coordination and communication
requirements
Identification of needed tools and training
Implementing Controlling
Detailed work plans Performance standards and
Specific milestones for accomplishments measurement methods
Initiating mechanisms Checks and balances
Performance measurement and reporting
Internal reviews
Variance procedures
Audit mechanisms
Corrective action mechanisms
Procedure renewal and reauthorization
Examples of PSM management system concerns at
different organizational levels
Scope (PSM elements)
1. Accountability
2. Process Knowledge and Documentation
3. Capital Project Review and Design Procedures
4. Process Risk Management
5. Management of Change
6. Process and Equipment Integrity
7. Human Factors
8. Training and Performance
9. Incident Investigation
10. Company Standards, Codes and Regulations
11. Audits and Corrective Actions
12. Enhancement of Process Safety Knowledge
Personnel Process
Safety & Safety
Health
Environmental
Control
Be ready if it happens
Risk (acute)
probability x consequences of an undesired
event occurring
Pre-screening using a list
The first screen is usually a list of materials,
either by
Name (chlorine, gasoline) or
Property (flash point, LC50 )
plus
Threshold quantity on site at any one time
Latent
Effect may not be noticeable for some time, if at
all
Similar to “resident pathogen”. Unforeseen
trigger conditions could activate the pathogens
and defences could be undermined or
unexpectedly outflanked
Case study: Flixborough (1974)
(Courtesy of Jessica Shinkle/2001)
Bellows
1
2
3
4
5
6
Why did the bypass piping fail?
No safety review and inadequate
supervision
Job was beyond professional
capabilities of the workers
Only drawing was a full-size sketch in
chalk on the workshop floor
No one understood the forces that
would be imposed on the pressurized
piping
IDENTIFY CHANGE
Flowchart of a
MEDIUM/ UNCERTAIN
HIGH
Management
TEAM LEADER
APPROPRIATE RISK
ASSESSMENT
of Change APPROVAL
IMPLEMENT
CHANGE
management system
functions at work?
AIHA OH&SMS
Overall Requirements
The establishment of an OH&SMS
The establishment of policy, responsibility,
authority reviews and resources
A documented OH&SMS with procedures,
planning and performance measures
Determination of conformance with laws,
policies and goals with continuous improvement
Design control for workplace situations by
qualified personnel with safety reviews
AIHA OH&SMS
Overall Requirements
Procedures for establishing and controlling
OH&S documents and changes
Review of OH&S aspects of purchased goods
and contractors
Effective and relevant OH&S communications,
exposures and documents
Hazard trace for feedstock used in other
processes back to point of manufacture
Process control to measure and monitor
hazards to minimize or eliminate hazards to
employees
AIHA OH&SMS
Overall Requirements
Inspection of OH&S activities and of records, resulting in
corrective actions
Inspection, maintenance and calibration of test
equipment
Sampling data and reporting mechanisms explicitly
documented
Communicate nonconforming situations to management
and employees until acceptable state can be achieved
Procedures for implementing corrective and preventive
OH&S actions
AIHA OH&SMS
Overall Requirements
Procedures for handling hazardous materials
Procedures for documenting, securing,
storing and disposing of OH&S records
Plan and implement OH&SMS audits
Identify needs and provide for relevant
OH&S training
Ensure outside contractors are included in
OH&S activities
BS 8800
Established in 1996 this guide to
OH&SMS is similar to ISO 14001
and the AIHA OH&SMS
Stresses root cause analysis
Guidance annexes allow the user to
implement the standard
requirements in a practical way
Basis for BSI 18001/OHSAS 18001
(ISO 18001)
BSI/OHSAS 18001 Overview
BSI/OHSAS 18001
OH&S Policy
Planning
Implementation and Operation
Checking and Corrective Action
Management Review
BSI/OHSAS 18001
OH&S POLICY
Complies to at least minimum legislated regulations
Appropriate policy must be created and
implemented specifically for an organization’s need
Available to all parties and communicated to staff
Documented, implemented & maintained
Periodic reviews are necessary to establish
continued appropriateness and effectiveness
Continual improvement
BSI/OHSAS 18001
PLANNING
Planning for hazard identification,
risk assessment and risk control
Legal and other requirements
Objectives
OH&S management programs
BSI/OHSAS 18001
Planning for Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment
and Risk Control
Be proactive rather than reactive
Audit
Maintain a program to
Determine whether OH&SMS conforms
to BSI/OHSAS 18001 guidelines and
other initiatives
Review the results of previous audits
MANAGEMENT REVIEW
Review OH&SMS to ensure
suitability, adequacy and
effectiveness
Documentation of the review must
be collected
Changes to the OH&SMS are to be
identified by the audit system
ISO 14001