RESEARCH

• It entails a lot of effort and perseverance to

become an expert in the research field.
• It is a product of individuals interviews.
• Qualitative studies aims to explore human
phenomena, which may involve a single or
a group of people experiencing the same
situation.
 QUALITIES OF A
GOOD QUALITATIVE
INQUIRER
TECHNICAL COMPETENCY
• The ability to use available
technologies.

UTILITY COMPETENCY
• The ability to troubleshoot during
unexpected scenario.
PATIENCE
• Intra (within) and extra (outside)
group.

SERVICE
• Willingness of the researcher to serve
others, to do good.
EFFORT
• Time and skill

GUTS AND RISK

• Considering options

CARE
• Distinct characteristics of a researcher
PHILOSOPHICAL
WORLDVIEWS IN
RESEARCH
• PHILOSOPHY
“We cannot be positive in our claims of
knowledge when studying behavior and
actions of humans.”

Post-Positivist
• MAIN CONCEPT
Researchers in this category subscribes
to the idea that everything should be
quantified to produce meaningful
concrete results.

Post-Positivist
• EXAMPLE
Satisfaction of students would be
expressed in percentage in relation to the
overall numbers.

Post-Positivist
• PHILOSOPHY
“Individuals develop subjective
meanings of their experiences.”

Constructivist
• MAIN CONCEPT
Researchers in this group believe that
experience expresses through words can
paint a better picture of a certain
phenomena.

Constructivist
• EXAMPLE
Analyzing the satisfaction of students
should consider their verbatim
comments and experiences rather than
numbers.

Constructivist
• PHILOSOPHY
Research inquiry should be
intertwined with politics and
political change agenda.

TRANSFORMATIVE
• MAIN CONCEPT
Researchers in this group supports the
idea that research should be conducted
to increase quality of life and produce
better societies.

TRANSFORMATIVE
• EXAMPLE
A researcher conducts research on waste
segregation since he believe that the
results may help in the development of
valuable programs and aid in policy-
making.
TRANSFORMATIVE
• PHILOSOPHY
“We need to look to many
possibilities for collecting and
analyzing data”

Pragmatic
• MAIN CONCEPT
Researchers in this group promotes the
use of both quantitative and qualitative
data in expressing research findings.

Pragmatic
• PHILOSOPHY
A student reports the percentage of
smokers in the campus, as well as the
reasons for smoking in a study.

Pragmatic
 THE
RESEARCH
PROCESS
• This is where the topic is identified.
• Topic selection is followed by
objective framing or identifying the
“central question” that needs to be
addressed.

Conceptualization Phase
• It is known as the planning phase where
researchers decide on the detailed
procedures in gathering and analyzing
data.
• HOW, WHERE, and WHEN the study
will be conducted and analyzed.

Design Phase
• Refers to the actual data gathering and
collection.
• Interviews and Focus Group Discussions
(FGD) are commonly employed with the
use of the interview guides or ‘Aide
Memoire’.

Empirical Phase
• Researchers in this phase are preparing
and assessing the data through the use of
several tools.
• Researchers own understanding as
supported by his belief and previous
researches published in the same area of
interest.
Analytical phase
• The results of the studies are
interpreted in this phase before
the actual write up or research
manuscript.
• Research results in the form of a
well-written full research
manuscript are advised to be
shared to the general public if not
on the specific population.

Dissemination Phase
 TERM QUESTION TYPES

METHOD What data will be Historical,

gathered? Descriptive,
Experimental

TECHNIQUE How data will be Survey, interview,

gathered? doodling
 TERM QUESTION TYPES

APPROACH How data will be Quantitative,

processed? Qualitative, or
MIXED
• An approach for exploring and
understanding the meaning
individuals or groups ascribe to a
social or human problem.

Qualitative Research
•An approach for testing
objective theories by
examining the relationship
among variables.

Quantitative Research
•Inquiry involving collecting
both quantitative and
qualitative data, and integrating
the two forms of data.

Mixed Approach
 Types of
Qualitative Study
• Is the systematic study of past
events
• This examines the documents of
the past to help the researcher
understand and connect it in the
present time.
Historical Research
• Is a systematic process that
involves observing and exploring,
documenting and analyzing the
ways and cultural beliefs of a
group of people.

Ethnographic Research
• Is a systematic study of the lived
experiences of individuals.
• It is a study on how an individual
or a group of people experience a
phenomenon.

Phenomenological Research
• Is an in-depth analysis of a single
entity or a small group.
• In this type of study, the researcher
seeks to understand and answer the
question why such situation occurred.

Case Study
• Focuses on a specific story as the
subject matter of inquiry.
• This is to determine how the
individuals make sense of a
particular event in their lives.

Narrative Analysis
• It is the systematic collection of data
through observation and interview.
• It seeks to understand the actions by
discovering first the main problem and
then the person’s behavior on
resolving a problem.
Grounded Theory
Characteristics of a
Qualitative
Research
• The results of gathered data are the
interpretation of the respondent’s social,
mental, emotional and spiritual
understanding of a certain topic.
• We are able to get a view of their own
perspective.
1. Human understanding and
Interpretation
• It is flexible and is able to adjust
on the type of topic.
• Its capability to adjust on what is
being learned throughout the study.

2. Flexible
• It is to understand the nature of human
behavior and what are factors that
governs it.
• It is important for the researcher to
have a grasp of the context or
situation.
3. Contextualization
• It is refer on how the researcher will gather
the information.
• He must be skillful in this craft and must
be actively involved.
• The researcher needs to engage with the
participants and within the area of study.
4. The Researcher is the main
instrument
• This approach starts with observing
and proposed theories.
• The researcher begins with an open
mind and then collect the data that
leads to the formulation a generalized
hypothesis.
5. Inductive Approach
Advantages of
Qualitative
Research
An in depth and detailed
evaluation of the issues and topics
studied.
The framework of the study can
be revised when information and
findings have been collected.
The data gathered is dependent on the
experiences of human which is stronger
than the gathered in quantitative studies.
The researcher knows what to expect
wherein data is gathered through the
effort and desire to get an answer to their
inquiry that is based on reality and
experience.
Disadvantages of a
Qualitative
Research
The research quality depends on the
skills of the researcher and sometimes
influenced by personal judgment and
biases of the researcher.
Validity and reliability of the data is
hard to determine.
Time-consuming and data may
sometimes be difficult to interpret.
It’s open-ended questions obtains
a lot of data which makes it hard
for the researcher to sort and
transcribe and needs longer time to
analyze data.