CH 06

Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach,
6/e
Chapter 6
System Engineering
copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005
R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc.
For University Use Only

May be reproduced ONLY for student use at the university level
when used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach.
Any other reproduction or use is expressly prohibited.
These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with
permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 1
System Engineering
 Elements of a computer-based system
 Software
 Hardware
 People
 Database
 Documentation
 Procedures
 Systems
 A hierarchy of macro-elements
The Hierarchy
Business or
Product Domain
World view
Domain of interest
Domain view
System element
Element view
Detailed view
System Modeling
 define the processes that serve the needs of the view under consideration.
 represent the behavior of the processes and the assumptions on which the
behavior is based.
 explicitly define both exogenous and endogenous input to the model.
 exogenous inputs link one constituent of a given view with other constituents at
the same level of other levels; endogenous input links individual components of
a constituent at a particular view.
 represent all linkages (including output) that will enable the engineer to
better understand the view.
Business Process Engineering
 uses an integrated set of procedures,
methods, and tools to identify how
information systems can best meet the
strategic goals of an enterprise
 focuses first on the enterprise and then on the
business area
 creates enterprise models, data models and
process models
 creates a framework for better information
management distribution, and control
System Architectures
 Three different architectures must be analyzed and designed within
the context of business objectives and goals:
 data architecture
 applications architecture
 technology infrastructure
 data architecture provides a framework for the information needs of
a business or business function
 application architecture encompasses those elements of a system that
transform objects within the data architecture for some business
purpose
 technology infrastructure provides the foundation for the data and
application architectures
The BPE Hierarchy
 Information strategy planning (ISP)
 strategic goals defined
 success factors/business rules identified
 enterprise model created
 Business area analysis (BAA)
 processes/services modeled
 interrelationships of processes and data
 Application Engineering
 a.k.a ... software engineering
 modeling applications/procedures that
address (BAA) and constraints of ISP
 Construction and delivery

using CASE and 4GTs, testing
Information Strategy Planning
 Management issues
 define strategic business goals/objectives
 isolate critical success factors
 conduct analysis of technology impact
 perform analysis of strategic systems
 Technical issues
 create a top-level data model
 cluster by business/organizational area
 refine model and clustering
Defining Objectives and Goals
 Objective—general statement of direction
 Goal—defines measurable objective: “reduce
manufactured cost of our product”
 Subgoals:
 decrease reject rate by 20% in first 6 months
 gain 10% price concessions from suppliers
 re-engineer 30% of components for ease of manufacture
during first year
 Objectives tend to be strategic while goals tend
to be tactical
Business Area Analysis
 define “naturally cohesive groupings of business
functions and data” (Martin)
 perform many of the same activities as ISP, but
narrow scope to individual business area
 identify existing (old) information systems /
determine compatibility with new ISP model
 define systems that are problematic
 defining systems that are incompatible with new
information model
 begin to establish re-engineering priorities
The BAA Process
admin.
manufacturing
sales QC distribution
acct eng’ring
Process
Decomposition Matrices
Process Diagram e.g.,
Flow Data entity/process
Models Model matrix
Product Engineering
The complete
product System analysis
(World view)
capabilities
hardware software
Component
engineering
(Domain view)
Processing requirement
function behavior Analysis & Design

data
Modeling
(Element view)
program
component Software
Engineering
Construction
&
Integration
(Detailed view)
Product Architecture Template
user interface processing
input process and control output

processing functions processing
maintenance and self-test
Architecture Flow Diagram
operator
interface operator requests operator CLSS queries, reports, displays
interface
subsystem
bar code acquisition request
shunt control status
sorting reports
CLSS processing & control report timing/location data

requests
part shunt shunt

bar code bar code number control controller
reader decoding subsystem
subsystem subsystem
raw bar bin

code data shunt commands
location
bar code
data base
access
subsystem report CLSS reports
line
sensor data speed key formating
acquisition subsystem
subsystem sort records
mainframe
communications
BCR status driver
diagnostics shunt status
pulse tach input sensor status
subsystem formated
communications status reporting data
data acquisition bar code
interface reader status diagnostic interface output interface
System Modeling with UML
 Deployment diagrams
 Each 3-D box depicts a hardware element that is part of
the physical architecture of the system
 Activity diagrams
 Represent procedural aspects of a system element
 Class diagrams
 Represent system level elements in terms of the data that
describe the element and the operations that manipulate
the data
These and other UML models will be discussed later
Deployment Diagram
CLSS processor
Sorting subsystem Operator display
Sensor data
acquisition subsystem shunt controller
Conveyor Bar code reader Shunt actuator

Pulse tach
Activity Diagram
start conveyorline
readbarcode get conveyorspeed
validbar code invalidbar code
determine binlocation set forreject bin
sendshunt
control data
get shunt status readbarcode get conveyorstatus
produce report entry
conveyor stopped conveyor inmotion
Class Diagram
class name
Box
at t ribut es
barcode not e us e of capit al
forwardSpeed let t er for mult i-word
conveyorLocat ion at t ribut e names
height
widt h
dept h
weight
cont ent s
operat ions
(parent hes es at end
readBarcode () of name indicat e t he
updat eSpeed () lis t of at t ribut es t hat t he
readSpeed() operat ion requires )
updat eLocat ion()
readLocat ion()
get Dimensions()
get Weight()
checkCont ent s()

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Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach,

For University Use Only

function behavior Analysis & Design

input process and control output

maintenance and self-test

CLSS processing & control report timing/location data

part shunt shunt

raw bar bin

Sorting subsystem Operator display

Conveyor Bar code reader Shunt actuator

readbarcode get conveyorspeed

validbar code invalidbar code

determine binlocation set forreject bin

get shunt status readbarcode get conveyorstatus

produce report entry

conveyor stopped conveyor inmotion

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