Core protocols of TCP/IP,IP

routing
Topics for today
TCP/IP PROTOCOLS
Network Interface Layer (OSI Layer 2) Protocols
 Protocol Name Protocol Abbr. Description

Provides basic TCP/IP functionality by creating

Serial Line Internet
SLIP a layer-two connection between two devices
Protocol (SLIP)
over a serial line.

Provides layer-two connectivity like SLIP, but is

much more sophisticated and capable. PPP is
itself a suite of protocols (“sub-protocols” if
Point-to-Point
PPP you will) that allow for functions such as
Protocol
authentication, data encapsulation, encryption
and aggregation, facilitating TCP/IP operation
over WAN links.
Network Interface / Network Layer (“OSI Layer 2/3”)
 Protocol Name Protocol Abbr. Description

Used to map layer three IP

Address Resolution Protocol ARP addresses to layer two physical
network addresses.

Determines the layer three

address of a machine from its
Reverse Address Resolution
RARP layer two address. Now mostly
Protocol
superseded by BOOTP and
DHCP.
TCP/IP Protocols: Network Layer (OSI Layer 3)
 Protocol Name Protocol Abbr. Description

Provides encapsulation and connectionless delivery of transport layer

Internet Protocol, Internet Protocol
IP, IPv6 messages over a TCP/IP network. Also responsible for addressing and
Version 6
routing functions.

Allows addresses on a private network to be automatically translated to

different addresses on a public network, providing address sharing and
IP Network Address Translation IP NAT
security benefits. (Note that some people don’t consider IP NAT to be a
protocol in the strict sense of that word.)

A set of IP-related protocols that improve the security of IP

IP Security IPSec
transmissions.
Internet Protocol Mobility Support Mobile IP Resolves certain problems with IP associated with mobile devices.

ICMP/ICMPv4, A “support protocol” for IP and IPv6 that provides error-reporting and
Internet Control Message Protocol
ICMPv6 information request-and-reply capabilities to hosts.

A new “support protocol” for IPv6 that includes several functions

Neighbor Discovery Protocol ND
performed by ARP and ICMP in conventional IP.
Routing Information Protocol, Open
Shortest Path First, Gateway-to-
Gateway Protocol, HELLO
RIP, OSPF, GGP,
Protocol, Interior Gateway Routing Protocols used to support the routing of IP datagrams and the exchange
HELLO, IGRP,
Protocol, Enhanced Interior of routing information.
EIGRP, BGP, EGP
Gateway Routing Protocol, Border
Gateway Protocol, Exterior
Gateway Protocol
TCP/IP Protocols: Host-to-Host Transport Layer (OSI Layer 4)
 Protocol
Protocol Name Description
Abbr.

The main transport layer protocol for

TCP/IP. Establishes and manages
Transmission
TCP connections between devices and ensures
Control Protocol
reliable and flow-controlled delivery of data
using IP.

A transport protocol that can be considered

a “severely stripped-down” version of TCP.
It is used to send data in a simple way
User Datagram
UDP between application processes, without the
Protocol
many reliability and flow management
features of TCP, but often with greater
efficiency.
Application Layer (OSI Layer 5/6/7) Protocols
 Protocol Name Protocol Abbr. Description

Provides the ability to refer to IP devices using names instead of

Domain Name System DNS just numerical IP addresses. Allows machines to resolve these
names into their corresponding IP addresses.

Network File System NFS Allows files to be shared seamlessly across TCP/IP networks.

Developed to address some of the issues with RARP and used in

Bootstrap Protocol BOOTP a similar manner: to allow the configuration of a TCP/IP device
at startup. Generally superseded by DHCP.

A complete protocol for configuring TCP/IP devices and

Dynamic Host
DHCP managing IP addresses. The successor to RARP and BOOTP, it
Configuration Protocol
includes numerous features and capabilities.

Simple Network A full-featured protocol for remote management of networks

SNMP
Management Protocol and devices.

A diagnostic “protocol” (really a part of SNMP) used for remote

Remote Monitoring RMON
monitoring of network devices.

File Transfer
Protocols designed to permit the transfer of all types of files
Protocol, Trivial File FTP, TFTP
from one device to another.
Transfer Protocol
 RFC 822, Multipurpose
Internet Mail RFC 822,
Extensions, Simple Mail MIME, Protocols that define the formatting, delivery and storage of electronic
Transfer Protocol, Post SMTP, POP, mail messages on TCP/IP networks.
Office Protocol, Internet IMAP
Message Access Protocol

Network News Transfer Enables the operation of the Usenet online community by transferring
NNTP
Protocol Usenet news messages between hosts.

Hypertext Transfer Transfers hypertext documents between hosts; implements the World
HTTP
Protocol Wide Web.

An older document retrieval protocol, now largely replaced by the

Gopher Protocol Gopher
World Wide Web.

Allows a user on one machine to establish a remote terminal session

Telnet Protocol Telnet
on another.

Permit commands and operations on one machine to be performed on

Berkeley “r” Commands —
another.

Internet Relay Chat IRC Allows real-time chat between TCP/IP users.

Administration and
A collection of software tools that allows administrators to manage,
Troubleshooting Utilities —
configure and troubleshoot TCP/IP internetworks.
and Protocols
 IP Routing
• Default gateway

• Routing table
– network destination and subnet mask
– remote router
– outgoing interface
 IP Routing
There are three different methods for
populating a routing table:
• directly connected subnets
• using static routing
• using dynamic routing
IP Routing
IP Routing
IP Routing
Routing Table
 Routing Table
• What are they?
Information-> forward a packet -> best path ->
destination
– origin and destination
– routing table entry
– device with instructions
 Basic routing table
• Destination
• Next hop
• Interface
• Metric
• Routes
• manually or dynamically