‫بسم هللا الرحمن‬

‫الرحيم‬
HUMAN DENTITION
DENTAL ANATOMY


By

Prof. Dr. Naglaa Bahgat Nagy

. . Objectives
Objectives
 Anatomy of the Tooth.
 Tissues of the tooth.
 Types of Dentition/teeth.
 Dental Formula.
 Tooth Numbering Systems.
 Tooth Morphology.
 Significance of tooth morphology.
 Tooth Relationship with each others.
 Anatomy of the Tooth
• Crown:
• Anatomical crown.
• Clinical crown.
• Root (roots):
• Single root (anterior teeth).
• Two roots (mandibular molars).
• Three roots (maxillary molars).
• Cervical line:
Cervical line or cemento-enamel junction.
 Anatomy of the tooth
a. Anatomical crown:
portion of tooth covered with
enamel.
Anatomic
crown
 Anatomy of the tooth
b. Clinical crown:
portion of tooth that appears in
the oral cavity.
cavity (above the gum line).

Clinical Anatomical
crown crown
 Anatomy of the tooth
c. Root (Roots):
Part of the tooth that is
embedded in the alveolar
process and is covered by
cementum.
cementum
Tissues of the tooth

1. Dentin.
2. Enamel.
3. Cementum.
4. Pulp.
Tissues of the tooth
1. Dentin:

 Dentin makes up the bulk of the tooth.

 Dentin is covered by enamel on the crown portion of the
tooth and by
cementum on its root portion.
 Dentin is not as hard as enamel.

 Dentin is the only sensitive dental hard tissue.

 Tissues of the tooth

2. Enamel.

(1) Enamel covers the anatomical crown.

(2) Enamel is the hardest tissue in the body.
(3) It is incapable of remodeling and repair.
 Tissues of the tooth

3. Cementum:
(1) Cementum covers the root of the tooth.
(2) It overlies radicular dentin and joins the enamel
at the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ).
(3) Its primary function is to anchor the tooth to its
bony socket with attachment fibers (PDL).
 Tissues of the tooth

4. The dental pulp:

(1) It is the soft connective tissue that
supports dentin.
(2) It contains blood vessels and nerves
which enter through the apical foramen.
Dentition
Definition of dentition:
The term dentition is used to describe the natural teeth in the
jawbones.

 Human Dentition:
Human has , two sets of dentitions (diphyodont).
Primary dentition is the first set of 20 primary teeth. Also
referred to as “baby teeth” or “deciduous teeth”.
Permanent dentition refers to the 32 secondary or “adult”
teeth.
Mixed dentition occurs when both primary and permanent
teeth are present, usually between the ages of 6 to 12.
 TYPES OF TEETH

• Teeth could be divided according to their:

 CHORONOLOGY.

 POSITION.

 MORPHOLOGY.
 TYPES OF TEETH (Dentition)
Chronologically:
• There are two types of teeth:
• Permanent teeth (32 teeth).
• Deciduous (primary) teeth (20 teeth).
 TYPES OF TEETH
According to Position:
• Anterior & Posterior teeth.
• Upper (maxillary) & Lower (mandibular) teeth.
 TYPES OF TEETH
According to Morphology:
Incisors (I).
Canine (C).
Premolars (P).
Molars (M).
 Types of Teeth
• Incisors:
 Single-rooted teeth with a relatively sharp thin
edge referred to as the incisal edge.
 Located in the front of the mouth, they are designed
to cut food without the application of heavy forces.
 In human there are four incisors in each jaw. Central
(front teeth) and lateral (distal to the centrals).
 Mesial = near to the midline.
 Distal = away from the midline.
• Canines (cuspids):
 located at the corner of the arch. They are designed for
cutting and tearing foods, which require the application of
force.
• Premolars (bicuspids? ):
 between canines and molars. The pointed cusps hold and
grind the food. They have a broader surface for chewing
food.
 There are two sets of premolars in the permanent
dentition and NO premolars in the primary dentition.
• Molars:
 Molars have more cusps than other teeth that are
used to chew or grind up food.

 There are two sets of molars in the primary

dentition and three sets of molars in the
permanent dentition.
 Deciduous Teeth

d. Teeth in each quadrant.

(1) Central incisor
(2) Lateral incisor
(3) Canine
(4) 1st molar
(5) 2nd molar
 Permanent Teeth
d. Teeth in each quadrant.

(1) Central incisor.

(2) Lateral incisor.
(3) Canine.
 Permanent Teeth
(4) 1st premolar
(5) 2nd premolar
(6) 1st molar
(7) 2nd molar
(8) 3rd molar
 DENTAL FORMULA.

• Dental arches.

• Jaw quadrants.

• Half of the mouth.

Teeth are arranged in two arches:
(Dental Arches)
-An Upper Arch or the
Maxillary
Maxillary arch.
arch.
AA Lower
Lower arch
arch or
or the
the Mandibular
Mandibular
arch.
arch.

Each dental arch has a Midline that

divides the arch Into two approximately
equal segments or Quadrant. (Right &
Left )
Thus, there are Four Quadrants in
the entire oral cavity.
 Dental arches
• Teeth are arranged in two arches:-
• Upper [maxillary] & lower [mandibular] arches.
• The teeth in the upper arch might not be similar to
those in the lower arch.
 Jaw Quadrants
 An imaginary midline divides each arch into
two equal halves (a left half and a right half).
 Thus, the maxillary and mandibular arches
are each divided into two halves the resulting
four sections are called quadrants, as follows:
1. Maxillary right quadrant.
2. Maxillary left quadrant.
3. Mandibular right quadrant.
4. Mandibular left quadrant.
 Half of the mouth
• The mouth could be divided into two equal
halves (right & left).
• Thus, each half contains the same number and
types of teeth.
• The formula which describes teeth in half of
the mouth is called dental formula.
 DENTAL FORMULA
• It is the formula that describes the teeth in
half of the mouth in any mammals.
• The denomination (type) of each tooth is
represented by its initial letter (I, C, P, M).
• Each letter is followed by a horizontal line.
• The number of each type of teeth is placed
above the line for the maxillary teeth and
below the line for mandibular teeth.
 Dental formula for human
• Human has two sets of dentition.
• The dental formula for deciduous teeth is:
• I ----- C ------ M -------- =10
• Thus, the child has 20 deciduous teeth.
• The dental formula for permanent teeth is:
• I ----- C ------ P ------ M ------- = 16
• Thus, the adult person has 32 teeth.
Functions of teeth
 The functions of teeth vary, depending
on their individual shape and size and
their location in the jaws.
The three basic food processing
functions of the teeth are cutting, holding
or grasping, and grinding.
 Functions of teeth
1-anterior teeth:-
 Esthetics
 Support the lips
 Speech.

2- posterior teeth:-
 Food grinding.
 support and sustain the vertical dimension of the
face.
Numbering Systems
 Numbering Systems

• Universal Numbering System.

• Palmer Notation System.

• Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI).

• Universal System for Permanent Teeth.
Universal System for Deciduous Teeth
 Palmer Notation System for
Permanent teeth
• Right • Left

87654321 12345678

87654321 12345678
FDI System for Permanent Teeth
FDI System for Deciduous Teeth
 Recommended book
• Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology and
Occlusion. (9th Ed).Saunders, Elsevier.
Thank you