LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM

BY MOHAMMAD ALYAS RAHMANI

INTRODUCTION

• LINUX IS A FREE UNIX-TYPE OPERATING SYSTEM ORIGINALLY CREATED BY LINUS TORVALDS

WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF DEVELOPERS AROUND THE WORLD.
• THE KERNEL VERSION 1.0 WAS RELEASED IN 1994 AND TODAY THE MOST RECENT STABLE
VERSION IS 2.6.9
• DEVELOPED UNDER THE GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE , THE SOURCE CODE FOR LINUX IS
FREELY AVAILABLE TO EVERYONE.
LINUX STRUCTURE
 FEATURES OF LINUX
• PORTABILITY : PORTABILITY MEANS SOFTWARE'S CAN WORKS ON DIFFERENT TYPES OF HARDWARE'S IN SAME WAY.
LINUX KERNEL AND APPLICATION PROGRAMS SUPPORTS THEIR INSTALLATION ON ANY KIND OF HARDWARE PLATFORM.

• OPEN SOURCE : LINUX SOURCE CODE IS FREELY AVAILABLE AND IT IS COMMUNITY BASED DEVELOPMENT PROJECT.
MULTIPLE TEAMS WORKS IN COLLABORATION TO ENHANCE THE CAPABILITY OF LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM AND IT IS
CONTINUOUSLY EVOLVING.

• MULTI-USER : LINUX IS A MULTIUSER SYSTEM MEANS MULTIPLE USERS CAN ACCESS SYSTEM RESOURCES LIKE
MEMORY/ RAM/ APPLICATION PROGRAMS AT SAME TIME.

• MULTIPROGRAMMING - LINUX IS A MULTIPROGRAMMING SYSTEM MEANS MULTIPLE APPLICATIONS CAN RUN AT SAME
TIME.

• HIERARCHICAL FILE SYSTEM - LINUX PROVIDES A STANDARD FILE STRUCTURE IN WHICH SYSTEM FILES/ USER
FILES ARE ARRANGED.

• SHELL - LINUX PROVIDES A SPECIAL INTERPRETER PROGRAM WHICH CAN BE USED TO EXECUTE COMMANDS
OF THE OPERATING SYSTEM. IT CAN BE USED TO DO VARIOUS TYPES OF OPERATIONS, CALL APPLICATION
PROGRAMS ETC.

• SECURITY - LINUX PROVIDES USER SECURITY USING AUTHENTICATION FEATURES LIKE PASSWORD PROTECTION/
CONTROLLED ACCESS TO SPECIFIC FILES/ ENCRYPTION OF DATA
FILE SYSTEM IN LINUX
 The Unix file system looks like an inverted tree
structure.
 You start with the root directory, denoted by /, at
the top and work down through sub-directories
underneath it.
 Each node is either a file or a directory of files,
where the latter can contain other files and
directories.
 You specify a file or directory by its path name
ADVANTAGES OF LINUX

• IT’S A FREE OPERATING SYSTEM UNLIKE WINDOWS WHICH HAS TO BE PURCHASED.

• OTHER BENEFITS ARE BEING OPEN SOURCE, ANYONE WITH PROGRAMMING KNOWLEDGE
CAN MODIFY IT.
• ONCE INSTALLED IN YOUR SYSTEM, NO ANTIVIRUS REQUIRED. LINUX IS A HIGHLY SECURE
SYSTEM.
• WITH ITS UPGRADES LINUX BECOMES MORE SECURE AND ROBUST.
BASIC COMMANDS

 CD TRY_IT
CHANGES THE DIRECTORY TO TRY_IT
 PWD
PRINTS PRESENT WORKING DIRECTORY (PWD/HOME/SMITH)
 LS IS USED TO LIST THE CONTENTS OF A DIRECTORY.
 THE COMMAND MKDIR MY_DIR
 THE COMMAND RMDIR YOUR_DIR
BASIC COMMANDS

 THE COMMAND CP FILE_1 FILE_2

COPIES FILE_1 TO FILE_2. THE BOTH FILES MUST BE IN THE SAME WORKING DIRECTORY. IF THEY ARE IN VARIOUS
DIRECTORIES, THE PATH MUST BE GIVEN.

 THE COMMAND MV FILE_1 FILE_2

MOVES FILE_1 TO FILE_2

THE BOTH FILES MUST BE IN THE SAME WORKING DIRECTORY. IF THEY ARE IN DIFFERENT DIRECTORIES, THE
PATH MUST BE GIVEN.
THANK YOU