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An ANGLE is a plane figure consisting of two rays having the same endpoint.
The two rays are called the SIDES of the angle, while the common endpoint is
called the ANGLE’S VERTEX.
The MEASURE OF AN ANGLE is the amount by which the initial side has to
turn so it will coincide with the terminal side.
An angle is in STANDARD POSITION in the coordinate plane if its vertex is
located at the origin and one ray is on the positive x-axis.
The ray on the x-axis is called the INITIAL SIDE and the other ray is called the
TERMINAL SIDE.
INITIAL SIDE is where the angle starts and the TERMINAL SIDE is the ray
where the measurement of the angle stops.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
CIRCLE the set of all points on a plane that are a fixed distance from a center.
RADIUS is the distance from the center outwards.
DIAMETER goes straight across the circle through the center.
CIRCUMFERENCE is the distance once around the circle.
Portions of the circumference of the circle are called the CIRCLE’S ARCS
SECTOR is the part of a circle enclosed by two radii of a circle and their
intercepted arc.
Half of a circle is called SEMICIRCLE
Quarter of a circle is a QUADRANT
EXAMPLE
Sketch the angle in standard position with the given measure. Indicate in which
quadrant the angle lies, if possible, or that is a quadrantal angle, otherwise.
3
1. 4
revolution
1
2. - revolution
6
3. 2 revolutions
5
4. 12
revolutions
7
5. - revolution
8
5
6. 2
revolutions
EXAMPLE
Sketch the given angle in standard position with the given measure.
1. −120°
2. 990°
7𝜋
3. 4
rad
10𝜋
4. −
3
rad
LENGTH OF AN ARC OF A CIRCLE
The length s of an arc of a circle of a radius r is subtending a central angle of
measure 𝜃 rad is given by
𝑠 = 𝑟𝜃
Example:
1. The length of an arc of a circle of radius 16 meters that subtends a
3𝜋 3𝜋
central angle of measure rad is 16 = 12𝜋 or 37.70m.
4 4
2. The measure, in degrees, of the angle subtended by an arc of length
20𝜋 inches in a circle of radius 5 feet is:
20𝜋 𝑖𝑛 180° 20𝜋 𝑖𝑛 180°
rad ∙ = 𝑟𝑎𝑑 ∙ = 60°
5𝑓𝑡 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑 5𝑓𝑡∙12𝑖𝑛/𝑓𝑡 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑
EXERCISES
1. Find the length of an arc of a circle of radius 16 meters that subtends a central
3
angle of measure revolution.
8
2. Find the radius of the circle whose 10𝜋-inch arc subtends a 150 degree central
angle
3. Complete the table
𝜽 r S
210𝑜 A 43.98 inches
160𝑜 8 yards B
C 13 feet 54.45 feet
2𝜋
rad D 4.88 yards
9
13𝜋 15 inches E
rad
18