Atoms and Periodic Table Unit Powerpoint Part IV / IV For Educators - Download Powerpoint at Www. Science Powerpoint

Part IV/IV
Atoms and Periodic

Table Unit
This is Part IV / IV of an educational unit
about Atoms and the Periodic Table
of the Elements
Download the Powerpoint version of this
video, unit notes, assessments, lab
handouts, review games, videos, and
much more at
www.sciencepowerpoint.com
 New Area of Focus: Periodic Table of the
Elements.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Activity! Arranging a giant periodic table of
the elements.
– Try once to do it without periodic table.
– Bring your periodic table just in case.
– You will be timed.

• Video! Meet the Elements from TMBG
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=d0zION8xjbM&feature=fvw
• Dimitri Mendeleyev, the father of the
periodic table.
– Made cards of the elements and then
began placing them in logical orders.
“Кириллица,
Ллица,
Кириллиц”
“Mother
Russia…”

• Translation…
“You might
want to
remember
my name
for
Jeopardy.”
- “Mother
Russia!”

“It was Dimitri Mendeleyev
again.”
• Using atomic number instead of atomic
mass as the organizing principle was first
proposed by the British chemist Henry
Moseley in 1913.
– Helped reorganize the periodic table.

• Using atomic number instead of atomic
mass as the organizing principle was first
proposed by the British chemist Henry
Moseley in 1913.
– Helped reorganize the periodic table.

• Activity!

• Activity!
– Your table group is going to get a group of
cards.

• Activity!
cards.
– Each table one at a time will lay down the
cards in a logical order.

• Activity!
cards.
– Each table one at a time will lay down the
cards in a logical order.

• Questions
– Which were missing? How do you know?
– How is the periodic table similar to the
arrangements of cards?

• Answer!
– The Periodic Table increases in amu from left
to right.
– Rows show the same number of valence E-

• Answer!
– The Periodic Table increases in amu from left
to right.
– Rows show the same number of valence E-

 The periodic table of the elements is a…
-
-
-
-

 A chart of all the known elements.

 Is in order of increasing atomic number
and mass.

 Is in order of increasing atomic number
and mass.

H He
Atomic Mass and Atomic
Number increases as you
Li Be B C
move across N O
and down. F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
 The table puts elements into groups with
similar characteristics.

 Allows us to recognize trends over the
whole array of elements.

• All of the elements in a period have the
same number of atomic orbitals

• Hydrogen has one valence electron; it's in
the alkali metal family



• All other elements in this family, Li, Na, K,
Rb, and Cs, also have only one valence
electron.

• Fluorine has seven valence electrons

• This places it in the halogen family

• I prefer the standard periodic table,
however, new periodic tables have found
creative ways to arrange the elements.

• I prefer the standard periodic table,
however, new periodic tables have found
creative ways to arrange the elements.

• Activity! Worth a quiz grade. Memorize the first
10 elements and their order from 1-10 in 7
minutes of the periodic table of elements.
– Recommended Song to help! http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=uJGrwWOWt3Q&NR=1

• Please say the remaining 100 elements in
2 minutes.
– You get to use your table…1 minute to
practice and your time starts now!

• Video song! Tom Lehrers
+ Bonus versions if time allows.
 Horizontal row is called Period
 (Same # of electron orbitals)
 -
-

 Horizontal row is called Period
 (Same # of electron orbitals)
 Vertical column is called group/family.
 (Same # of valence electrons)

• Is the circled area a period or group on the
periodic table?

• Answer! Group / Family

• Period

H He
G
R
O
Li Be U
B C N O F Ne
P
H He
PERIOD 
Li Be B C N O F Ne
 AMU increases from left to right and top to
bottom.

 AMU increases from left to right and top to
bottom.

H He
AMU increases as you
go from left to right,
and from top to bottom
Li Be B C N O F Ne
 Electron negativity increases from lower
left to upper right.

H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
i t y
t i v
K Ca Sc TinegaGa Ge As Se Br Kr
on
c tr
le Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The most strongly electronegative element,
Fluorine (F).

• The most strongly electronegative element,
Fluorine (F).
• The least electronegative element is Francium
(Fr).

 Transition Metals, found in middle

H He
Key: Transition Metals
Li Be B C N O F Ne
 Transition Metals are…
-
-
-
-
-

 Malleable: To be shaped / ,made into
sheets.

 Ductile: Made into wire.
 Good conductors of electricity.

• Copper (Cu) is a good conductor of
electricity.
– It is malleable and ductile.

• Activity! Find something that is a good
conductor of electricity.
– Test with the conductivity meter.

 Have a high luster (shine).

 Conducts heat well.

 Most have a high density.

 Most are soild.
 Hg (mercury is a liquid metal)

 Most are soild.
 Hg (mercury is a liquid metal)

• Field Trip! Let’s check out some mercury
and see why it is used the way it is?

• Thermostats with Mercury:

• Thermostats with Mercury: Sense
mercury is a liquid it travels downhill.

When the dial is turned on, the mercury
travels down and connects wires telling
the heater to turn on.

the heater to turn on. When thermostat is
turned off, the connection is broken.

the heater to turn on. When thermostat is
turned off, the connection is broken.

 Metallically bonded.

 Many metals are reactive to chemicals.

 Almost 75% of all elements are classified as
metals.

 Alloys: Metals are easily combined

 Bronze age: Copper and tin

• Continued Metals…

• Some of the metals
– Actinide Metals, Lanthanide Metals, Alkali
Metals, Alkaline-Earth Metals, Noble Metals,
Rare Metals, Rare-Earth Metals, and
Transition Metals

• Demonstration!

• Demonstration!
– Thermite Reaction

• Demonstration!
– The Aluminum reduces the oxide of another
metal, most commonly iron oxide, because
aluminum is highly combustible:

• Demonstration!
– The Aluminum reduces the oxide of another
metal, most commonly iron oxide, because
aluminum is highly combustible:
• Fe2O3 + 2Al → 2Fe + Al2O3 + heat

• 1st row Alkali metals (red)
– One valence electron

H He
Key: Alkali Earth Metals
Li Be B C N O F Ne
• Alkali metals have one valence electron
• Halogens have seven valence electrons
– Sodium - Chlorine
• Video: Alkali Metals and water.
• Teacher should view video before showing
focusing on language. A moderately
inappropriate expression is used.

• The alkaline earth elements are metallic
elements found in the second period of the
periodic table (green).
– They have two valence electrons.

H He
Key: Alkaline Earth
Metals
Li Be B C N O F Ne
• What Alkaline earth metal is this?
• Answer! Calcium Atomic # 20
 Metalloids: Properties of metals and non-metals
 -
 -
 -

 Semi-conductors

 Brittle

 Can have luster.

H He
Key: Metalloids
Li Be B C N O F Ne
 Non-Metals
 Not metals

H He
Key: Non-metals
Li Be B C N O F Ne
 Non-metals…
-
-
-
-
-

H and He are non-metals.

 They are poor conductors.

 They are brittle (break when hit).

 Dull in color. (No shine)

 Poor conductors of heat.

 They may be transparent or
translucent.
r e
u a
s q t ?
i s e n
t h lu c
s
I ns
tr a
 They may be transparent or
translucent.

 They exist as (s), (l), (g).

• Activity! Malleable and Ductile vs. Brittle

– Please draw picture of each object

– Bend each one and label which was
malleable and which was brittle.

– Bend each one and label which was
malleable and which was brittle.
– Which one was a non-metal, Why?

• Answer! The wood was a non-metal
because it…?
• -
• -
• -

because it…?
• - Isn’t malleable or ductile
• -
• -

because it…?
• - Doesn’t have luster / shine
• -

because it…?
• - Doesn’t conduct heat or electricity

because it…?
• - Doesn’t conduct heat or electricity

 Covalently bonded.

 They have a low density.

• Activity! Please record a few physical
properties of the elements below.

– We will rotate the bags with the elements
every minute.

every minute.
– Record the name, and what family the
element belongs to and then describe some
of it’s physical properties. Metals and Non-
metals.

every minute.
metals.
– Word Bank: (high luster / dull) (Malleable /
Brittle) (High density / Low density) (Conducts
electricity / Does not conduct) (Solid / Gas)

every minute.
metals.
– Word Bank: (high luster / dull) (Malleable /
Brittle) (High density / Low density) (Conducts
electricity / Does not conduct) (Solid / Gas)

• Activity! Metals and Non-metals.

• Activity! Elements and their density.

– Avoid breathing in any dust or particles.

– Step 1
• Zero scale with graduated cylinder.

– Step 1
• Fill small graduated cylinder with a metal10 ml.
Repeat process for each.

– Step 1
• Metals are…Copper BB’s, Aluminum Foil, Lead /
Steel Split Shot (Fishing).

– Step 1
• Weigh graduated cylinder to determine weight of
each.

– Step 1
• Weigh graduated cylinder to determine weight of
each.

• Fill graduated cylinder with water to the very top.
• Gently pour in metal and collect the water
displaced.
• Add displaced water into another graduated
cylinder and record in cm3 the volume of water.
Repeat for each sample.
• Find the density of each.
• Density = Mass divided by volume.
• Answer is in g/cm3

• Lab Suggestion! Metals, Non-metals, and
Metalloids.
• http://
www.nclark.net/MetalNonmetalLab.htm
• Laboratory Investigation: Metals, Non-
Metals, and Metalloids.
– Without looking at a periodic table, put the
elements that we investigated into the correct
category. (Metal, Non-metal, Metalloid)
– Which elements had properties of more than
one group?
– Predict the physical and chemical properties
of Calcium, Cadmium, and Selenium.
one group?
Metal Non-Metal Metalloid

Magnesium Sulfur Silicon
Zinc Carbon
Aluminum
Copper
Metal Non-Metal Metalloid

Magnesium Sulfur Silicon
Zinc Carbon
Aluminum
Copper
one group?
one group?
– Answer: Silicon had properties of metals and
non-metals. It was like a metal because it
conducted electricity and had luster. It was
like a non-metal because it was brittle.
• The Noble Gases

– Answers:
– Answers:
• Calcium:
– Answers:
• Calcium: Metal, Reactive with Acid, luster,
conductive. Similar to Magnesium
– Answers:
• Cadmium:
– Answers:
• Cadmium: Metal, reactive with acid, conductive,
similar to Zinc.
– Answers:
similar to Zinc.
• Selenium:
– Answers:
similar to Zinc.
• Selenium: Non-metal, brittle, poor conductor.
Similar to Sulfur maybe.
– Answers:
similar to zinc.
• Selenium: Non-metal, brittle, poor conductor.
Similar to Sulfur maybe.
• Who are Nobles, Describe them?

• Who are Nobles, Describe them?

• Activity! A dramatic story about noble
gases and alkali metals.
– Story of woe and deception.
– Includes a love theme.
– Struggle between the classes.
– Conspiracy.
– Murder Plot.
– Seduction.
– Valence Electrons.

• I need Characters. Henry and Martha

• I need Characters: Harold and Marcus

• Will these two groups hang out socially?
– Lets find out!

“Hey Henry.”

“Look at those
incomplete
orbital’s over
there.”

“Maybe we
should invite
them to the
party.”

“Oh no Marcus!”

“I see those
snooty noble
gases again.”

“Oh Martha!”

“They don’t even
have a full outer
shell.”

“They are
so poor.”

“I don’t think
they even
own more
than one
valence
electron.”

“How many electrons
do we have again…?”

“Oh Henry.”

“We have 8,
a full outer
shell.”

“I don’t want
any more
electrons.”

“So we don’t
need them for
anything.”

“Harold!”

“Don’t be a
wicked atom.”

“I hope your
not getting all
unstable
again.”

“Those poor Alkali Metals.”

“What a waste of particles.”

“They have nothing to offer
us, we have all the electrons
we can handle.”

“Oh Henry!”

“Your so
Noble.”

“I love it
when you
talk all sub-
atomic.”

“Oh Martha!”

“I love the way
your electrons
orbit.”

“So full and stable.”

“Marcus!”

“I’m going to
kill those two
noble gases.”

“Harold you fool.”

“They can’t be
reacted with.”

“They have a
full outer
shell.”

“I’m sick of them
thinking they’re so
good because they
have a full outer shell.”

“I’m going
to kill them.”

“How
will you
do it?”

“I’m not sure
yet, but I swear
on my one
electron they will
die.”

“Come on, I see
the halogens,
they can make
us more stable.”

“Death is
coming in a
hail of
electrons.”

“It’s time to
die you
noble fool!”

• A round of applause for our actors and
actresses.

Noble Gases Alkali Metals
(Full Outer Shell) (One valence Electron)

H He
Key: Noble Gases
Li Be B C N O F Ne
• All of the inert gases have full outer shells
with eight electrons
– What does this mean? Think octet rule.

• The noble gases have a full outer shell of
electrons.
– They don’t want to gain or lose any of them so
they don’t react with other atoms very well.

• They are quite happy not reacting with
other elements, because they have a full
outer shell with 8 electrons.

• Who is in the family of noble gases?

• Who is in the family?
• Who is in the family?
• Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar),
Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe), and Radon (Rn)
• Video (optional) Noble Gases with focus
on Helium.

• Radon is a dangerous gas that occurs when
rock decays. It is a good idea to have
basements checked. Radon causes
cancer.

• Halogens period 17 (Salt-former)
– The halogens exist, at room temperature, in
all three states of matter.
– All halogens have 7 electrons in their outer
shells. Very reactive!
shells. Very reactive!
all three states of matter
shells. Very reactive
• Video! (Optional) The halogens
H He
Key: Halogens
Li Be B C N O F Ne
• Other Metals-these elements are ductile
and malleable (aqua)
H He
Key: Other Metals
Li Be B C N O F Ne
• The Rare Earth Elements are made up of
two series of elements, the Lanthanide
and Actinide Series (bottom yellow)

• These groups are put on the bottom so the
periodic table will fit on one page.
– They fit to the right of Barium and Radium.

 New Area of focus: Atomic Bonding

 New Area of focus: Atomic Bonding

 Chemical Bonding: The attraction that holds
atoms close to each other.

 Chemical Bonding: The attraction that holds
atoms close to each other.

 Ionic, Covalent, Metallic
 Covalent – Share electrons
 Ionic – Gain or lose electrons
(transfer)
 Metallic- Many free electrons

(transfer)

“My name is
Bond.”

“Covalent
Bond.”

(transfer)

(transfer)

(transfer)

 Covalent bonding occurs by a sharing of
valence electrons (Strongest) (SPONCH).

 Ionic bonding (+/-) Bonds created by the
attraction of opposite charges.

“Ionic Please.”
“Transferred.”
“Not shared.”
 Ionization: The process of removing
electrons from an atom to form ions.

• Ionic - One atom strips electron from the other so
both are now stable. Held then by + / - charge

 Ionic Bonding: Forms crystal lattice.

 Metallic bonding: The bonding between
atoms within metals. The sharing of many
free electrons.

“Hold on you
electrons,” “Just
because you are
free doesn’t
mean you run
the place.”
• Activity! Creating energy by breaking
metallic bonds.

metallic bonds.
– Bend spoon back and forth to generate very
hot temperatures, WATCH OUT!

metallic bonds.
– Do not try this in the lunchroom!

metallic bonds.
– Do not try this in the lunchroom!

• Answers Quiz Wiz: Covalent, Ionic, or Metallic 1-
10

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
• Bonus: Name the actor and movie
character.
• Answers! Quiz Wiz: Label as either, Covalent,
Ionic, or Metallic 1-10

1
1 Covalent
2
2 Covalent Bond
3
3 Ionic
4
4 Metallic Bond
5
5 Covalent
6
6 Metallic Bond
7
7 Covalent Bond
8
8 Ionic Bond
9
9 Ionic Bond
10
10 Covalent Bond
• Bonus: Name the actor and movie
character.

• Bonus: Sean Connery, James Bond.
Written by Ian Fleming.

• Periodic Table Project

– Each student is responsible for 2 elements.

– Teacher to organize / assign elements.

– Each student is responsible for at least one / two
elements in row. Provide atomic number, amu,
symbol, etc.

symbol, etc.
– Should include drawing of element, protons, neutrons,
electrons (shells).

symbol, etc.
electrons (shells).
– Uses of elements, interesting facts, how it reacts,
compounds.

symbol, etc.
electrons (shells).
compounds.
– Where is it on the periodic table..non-metal, metal,
noble gas, alkali metal…etc.

symbol, etc.
electrons (shells).
compounds.
– Arranged / Taped in the correct order / laminated

elements in row. Provide atomic number, amu, symbol,
etc.
electrons (shells).
compounds.
– Artistic in nature / pleasing to the eye.

– Each student is responsible for at least one / two elements
in row. Provide atomic number, amu, symbol, etc.
electrons (shells).
compounds.
– Where is it on the periodic table..non-metal, metal, noble
gas, alkali metal…etc.
– Example can be found on the next slide.

– Each student is responsible for at least one / two elements
in row. Provide atomic number, amu, symbol, etc.
electrons (shells).
compounds.
– Where is it on the periodic table..non-metal, metal, noble
gas, alkali metal…etc.
– Example can be found on the next slide.

Sulfur is often found near volcanoes
and can be collected in mines and
16 sometimes at the surface.
Sulfur has 16 Sulfur is a part of gun

Electrons and 16 powder and used in
Protons. It is a explosives. The ancient
perfect element and Chinese were among
usually doesn’t occur the first to discover it’s
as an Isotope. power.
Sulfur
16.amu
This is a picture of Sulfur.
It is a non-metal. It does
not have luster, it is brittle,
and does not conduct
electricity. Your Name!!!
• We will be using Microsoft publisher

• Can you name the picture hidden beneath
the boxes?
– Raise your hand when you think you know.
You only get one guess.

“You might
want to
remember
my name for
Jeopardy and
the boxes
challenge.”
- “Mother
Russia!”
“I am Dimitri
Mendeleyev,
The Father of
the Periodic
Table of the
Elements.”
• Try Again! Can you name the picture
hidden beneath the boxes?
– Raise your hand when you think you know.
You only get one guess.

“Oh Martha!”
“Oh Henry”
Henry and Martha /
Noble Gases
“I’m still
going to kill
you!”
• Atoms and Periodic Table Assessment due
shortly!

• Activity – Periodic Table Review Game

END PART IV/IV
Atoms and the Periodic
Table Unit
End Part IV / IV of an educational unit about
Atoms and the Periodic Table
of the Elements
much more at
of the Elements
much more at
of the Elements
much more at
of the Elements
much more at
• More Units Available at…
Earth Science: The Soil Science and Glaciers Unit, The Geology Topics
Unit, The Astronomy Topics Unit, The Weather and Climate Unit, and
The River Unit, The Water Molecule Unit.
Physical Science: The Laws of Motion and Machines Unit, The Atoms
and Periodic Table Unit, The Energy and the Environment Unit, and The
Introduction to Science / Metric Unit.
Life Science: The Diseases and Cells Unit, The DNA and Genetics Unit,
The Life Topics Unit, The Plant Unit, The Taxonomy and Classification
Unit, Ecology: Feeding Levels Unit, Ecology: Interactions Unit, Ecology:
Abiotic Factors, The Evolution and Natural Selection Unit and coming
soon The Anatomy and Physiology Unit.




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Part IV/IV

Atoms and Periodic

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

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Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy