LESSON 1

Introduction to Computer Network

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 1.1Basics of Networking

 The primary reasons for networking

computers are to share information, to share
hardware and software, and to centralize
administration and support.
Computer Network  consists of a collection
of computers, printers and other equipment
that are connected together so that they can
communicate with one another. 2
 1.1Basics of Networking

Computer networks achieve these goals in three primary ways:

1. Sharing information (or data);
2. Sharing hardware and software; and
3. Centralizing administration and support.
More specifically, computers that are part of a network can share:
• Documents (memos, spreadsheets, invoices, and so on);
• Email messages;
• Word-processing software;
• Project-tracking software;
• Illustrations, photographs, videos, and audio files;
• Live audio and video broadcasts.
• Printers;
• Fax machines;
• Modems;
• CD-ROM drivers and other removable drives, such as Zip and Jazz drives; and
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• Hard drives.
 1.2 Major Types of Networks

Major Types of Networks

• LAN  is a network that covers a relatively small
geographical area. It connects computers within a firm or
household by write.
• WLAN  is a network that covers a relatively small
geographical area. It connects computers within a firm or
household wirelessly.
• WAN  is a network that covers a relatively large
geographical area. It connects a greater number of
computers and local networks. 4
 1.2 Major Types of Networks

File Sharing  is the practice of distributing or providing access to

digital media, such as computer programs, multimedia (audio, images
and video), documents, or electronic books.
P2P Network  is created when two or more PCs are connected and
share resources without going through a separate server computer.
Client/Server  is made up of client computers and server
computers.
a. Client Computer .  a computer that seeks any resource
another computer.
b. Server Computer  if a computer has a resource which is
served to another computer. 5
 LESSON 2

Understanding the Internet

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 2.1 The Internet

Internet  is a global network of billions of computer s and other electronic

devices. It is the most widespread network with nearly 2 billion users. In its early
conception, the Internet began as a small network for simple data exchange.
The following are just some ways in which the Internet has penetrated society.
• Banking and Finance
• Socializing
• News and Trends
• Health Care
• Education
Intranet  is the private network of an organization to which only authorized
employees have access (login and password).
Extranet  is a part of Intranet to which independent collaborators have access.
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 2.1 The Internet

Data Flow Transfer

When you use data or the WiFi on your smartphone, do you notice that there are
blinking arrows beside your WiFi signal or beside your WiFi signal or beside your data
signal. The arrows represent data flow transfer. The upward pointing arrow lights up
or blinks when your device or computer is in the process of sending out data or
information through the Internet. An example of this is when you post pictures,
videos, or share other content on social networking sites. This is also referred to as
upload. The downward pointing arrow lights or blinks when your device or computer is
in the process of receiving data or information through the Internet. This occurs when
you stream music, watch videos on YouTube, and open websites. This is also referred
to as download.
Downloading  means receiving data or a file from the Internet on your computer.
Uploading  means sending data or a file from your computer to somewhere on the
Internet. 8
 2.1 The Internet

Bit Rate  represents speed at which data is transferred through

a modem (network). It is measured in bit/s.
Bit  is a measurement unit for speed of digital data flow through
the network. The number of bits transferred in one second tells us
how many bits can be transferred through a network in one
second.
1,000 bit/s rate = 1 Kbit/s
1,000,000 bit/s rate = 1 Mbit/s
1,000,000,000 bit/s rate = 1 Gbit/s
Speed of data flow can be expressed in bytes per second or bits
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per second. One byte has eight bits.
 2.2 Types of Internet Service

Types of Internet Service

1. Dial-up  uses your phone line to connect your computer to the Internet.
While connected to the Internet, your landline phone cannot make or
receive calls.
2. DSL  uses a broadband connection, which make it much faster than dial-
up. DSL connects to the Internet via a phone line but does not require you
to have a landline at home.
3. Cable  connects to the Internet via cable TV, although you do not
necessarily need to have a cable TV in order to get it. It just makes use of
the cable lines to hook up to the Internet.
4. Satellite  uses broadband but does not require cable or phone lines; it
connects to the Internet through powerful signals coming from satellites
orbiting the Earth. 10
 2.3 Common Uses of the Internet

The Internet has become such an important part of our life.

Many people use it to make work easier. The following are
some ways in which people use the Internet for convenience,
leisure, and entertainment.
 Finding information Online
 Email
 Social Networking
 Chat and Instant Messaging
 Online Streaming
 Everyday Tasks 11