China's Police System

主讲：戴 宁 研究员
Administrative System 主讲
何炬教授 of Police
Organizations in China
 中国警察的组织管理体制
Administrative system of police organizations in China
中国的警察制度从总体上
可以划分为行政警察、武装警察
（武警）、司法警察（法警）三
大体系。
The police system of
China in general can
be divided into three
categories,
administrative
police, armed police
and bailiff.
 中国警察机构设置关系图
Diagram on the relation of police agencies

各 级
中
央 国 人 民
务 法院、
军 院 检 察
委 院

武
公安 安全 司法
装 部人 部人 部监
警 民警 民警 狱警
察 察 察 察

司
治 刑 交 防 督 行 其 法
黄金 内 警 消 边 警
水电
卫 卫 防 防 安 事 通 暴 查 业 他
警 警 警 警 察
森 林
部 警 警 警 警 警 警
交 通
队 察 察 察 察 察 察 察 察 察
部队 察
 中国警察机构设置关系图
Diagram on the relation of police agencies
the Military Commission of The Sate People's Courts and
the Central Committee of the Council Procuratorates at
CPC
all levels.

People's prison police of

armed People's police of police of the Ministry of
force the Ministry of the
Ministry of Justice
public security
security

judicial
police
security police

criminal Police

traffic police

Riot police

Supervised police
security force
internal

fire police
gold, and forest
h y d r o p o w e r,

police
security

border police

Industry police

Other police
troops of
 中国公安机关的机构设置
Organization Setting of China’s Public Security
公安部

刑事侦查
各省公安厅 各自治区公安厅 直辖市公安局 经
常 治安管理
职
能
户籍管理
市 城
公 公自 区
安 安治 分 …………
局 处州 局

铁路公安
城县
区公 交通公安
分安 公自 专
局局 安治 门
局县 职
能 林业公安

民航公安
派 派 派
出 出 出
所 所 缉私公安
所
 中国公安机关的机构设置

Organization Setting of China’s Public Security

Organi
f China’s Public Security
Ministry of Public Security
Public Security criminal investigation
Department of each Public Security Municipal Public

Common
Security Bureau

function
Province Department of each security management
Autonomous Region
Household management
City Public public security division of City
Security autonomous prefecture Branch …………
Bureau
railway Public Security

function
Special
branch of county Public Security traffic public security
Public Security Bureau of
Bureau autonomous county forest public security

aviation public security

Police Police Police
station station station Anti smuggling police
traffic public security
 （一）中国公安机关的机构设置
Organization Setting of China’s Public Security

 1.中央公安机关。
 公安部是国务院主管全国
公安工作的职能部门，是
全国公安机关人民警察的
领导和指挥机关，指导全
国公安机关的组织建设和
业务建设

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 （一）中国公安机关的机构设置
Organization Setting of China’s Public Security
1. Central public security headquarters

The Ministry of Public Security, a

department under the State
Council who is in charge of public
security, serves as the leadership
and commanding authority over
the people’s police in the public
security organs across the country.
Under the leadership of the Party
Central Committee and the State
Council, the MPS exercises
oversight over and is responsible
for the development of its
organizations and professional
capabilities.
 （一）中国公安机关的机构设置
Organization Setting of China’s Public Security

 2.地方公安机关。
中国地方各级人民政府在县以
上设置同级公安机关。
（1）省、自治区、直辖市公安
机关。省、自治区设公安厅，
直辖市设公安局。公安厅（局
）是省级人民政府的职能部门
之一，接受同级地方政府和公
安部的双重领导。领导、管理
全省、自治区、直辖市范围内
的公安工作。

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 （一）中国公安机关的机构设置
Organization Setting of China’s Public Security
2. Local public security organs
Local people's governments at all levels have same level
Public security organs at or above prefectural level.
（1） Each province or autonomous region sets up a public
security department. Each centrally-controlled municipality
sets up a public security bureau.
Public security department (bureaus) is one of the
functional departments in provincial people's government
to lead and handle the public security affairs in the
province, autonomous region and centrally-controlled
municipality.
 （一）中国公安机关的机构设置
Organization Setting of China’s Public Security
 2.地方公安机关
 （2）地级市公安机关。市
（地）、自治州、省辖市公
安局是本级人民政府的一个
职能部门，接受同级地方政
府和上级公安机关的领导。
 （3）县级公安机关。县（
市）、旗设公安局，是本级
人民政府的一个职能部门，
接受同级地方政府和上级公
安机关的领导。

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 （一）中国公安机关的机构设置
Organization Setting of China’s Public Security
2. Local public security organs
（2）Public security organs in each city(prefecture-level). Public
security bureau in each city(prefecture-level), autonomous prefecture
and provincially-controlled city is one of the functional departments in
the people's government at the corresponding level, responsible for
public security work of the local area, and under the leadership of
local Party committee, government at the same level and public
security organ at a higher level.
（3）Public security organs at the prefecture level. Public security
bureau in each county (city) and banner is one of the functional
departments in the people's government at the corresponding level,
responsible for public security work of the local area, and under the
leadership of the local Party committee, government at the same level
and public security organ at a superior level.
 （一）中国公安机关的机构设置
Organization Setting of China’s Public Security

 2.地方公安机关。
（4）地方公安机关派出机构。
 省、自治区公安厅在地区派出公安处；
 市公安局在城区派出公安分局；
 县（市）、自治县（旗）公安局和城区公安分局在乡、镇、
街道设置公安派出所；
作为上一级公安机关的派出机构,接受上级公安机关的
直接领导，履行法律赋予的职能，不是同级地方政府
的组成部分。

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 （一）中国公安机关的机构设置
Organization Setting of China’s Public Security
2. Local public security organs
（4）Dispatched organs of the local public security organs.
◆Public security department of a province or an autonomous region
sets up a public security office in the local area;
◆City public security bureau sets up sub-bureaus in the districts;
◆Public security bureau in a county (city), an autonomous prefecture
(banner) and public security sub-bureau in districts sets up police
stations in counties, towns and streets.
As agencies dispatched by a higher level of public security organs,
they receive direct leadership of a higher level of public security
organs and carry out their duties in compliance with the law. They are
not parts of the local government at the same level.
 （一）中国公安机关的机构设置
Organization Setting of China’s Public Security
 （一）中国公安机关的机构设置
Organization Setting of China’s Public Security

 3.专门公安机关
 （1）铁道公安机关
依据公共交通工具快速出
 （2）交通公安机关 入行政区划的特殊性设立
 （3）民航公安机关
 （4）森林公安机关 根据管辖对象的特殊性设
 （5）缉私公安机关 立

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 （一）中国公安机关的机构设置
Organization Setting of China’s Public Security
3. Special public Security organs
（1）Railway public security
organ
（2）Traffic police organ
（3）Civil aviation public
security organ
（4）Forest public security organ
（5）Anti smuggling police organ
Set up according to the
particularity of fast
access of public
transportation to
administrative division
Set up according to
the particularity of
the object within
jurisdiction
 （一）中国公安机关的机构设置
Organization Setting of China’s Public Security

 4.中国人民武装警察队
 属于兵役制的人民警察警种，是国家武装力量之一。是列入公安
机关管理的武装序列部队。
 中央设中国人民武装警察部队总部，是武装部队的领导指挥机关
，在国务院、中央军委领导下，负责管理武警内卫部队的工作，
指导列入武警部队序列的水电、黄金、交通、森林等部队的工作
。
 省、自治区、直辖市设武警总队，下设有直属武警支队。
 地、市、州、盟设武警支队，县、市、旗、区设武警中队，武警
中队下设班。
 武装警察的警卫、边防、消防三个警种直接受公安部领导和管理

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 （一）中国公安机关的机构设置
Organization Setting of China’s Public Security
5. Chinese People’s Armed Police Force
◆Military nature, serving as a national armed force among the people's police, being
included in the sequence of the management of public security organs.
◆It maintains a national headquarters in Beijing and is the leading and commanding
authority of the force. Under the leadership of the State Council and the Central
Military Commission, it is responsible for the management of the work of internal
guard of the armed police force, and providing oversight over troops of hydropower,
gold, traffic and forest which have been listed in the sequence of the armed police
force.
◆ A division of the armed police force in each province, autonomous region and
centrally-controlled municipality; a detachment in each region, city, county and
union.
◆ A squadron in each prefecture, city, banner and district. Each squadron has several
squads.
武装警察部队
 （二）中国公安机关的领导体制
Leadership system of the public security department
 统一领导
Unified leadership
 分级管理
hierarchical
management
 条块结合
Integration of “tiao and
kuai” leadership
 以块为主
“kuai” being put at
the first place
The Nature of the何炬教授
Public Security
主讲 Department
 二、 中国公安机关的性质
The nature of the public security department

 公安机关是武装性质的国家治安行政力量
和刑事司法力量。

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 二、 中国公安机关的性质
The nature of the public security department

 The public security department is an important tool of

people's democratic dictatorship. The people's police is the
arm-natured state peace order administrative power as well
as the criminal and judicial power.
 二、 中国公安机关的性质
The nature of the public security department

 公安机关是国家治安行政机关。中国公安机关是国务院和各级人民政府领导
下的行政职能部门，是国家行政机关的重要组成部分。但公安机关不同于普
通的行政机关。

 The public security department, a national police

administration, stands as an important part of the
national administrative agencies which functions
under the State Council and the people's
governments at all levels. However it differs from
ordinary agencies.
 二、 中国公安机关的性质
The nature of the public security department
 公安机关是国家刑事司法机关。公安机关在刑事诉讼中承担侦查和执行刑罚
的职能，与人民检察院和人民法院分工负责、互相配合、互相制约，共同完
成惩罚犯罪的任务。
 The public security department is the national criminal and
judicial department. The public security department
 undertakes investigation and execution of punishment in
criminal proceedings. It works together with the people's
Procuratorate and the people's Court and makes joint efforts
in the punishment against crimes through bearing different
shares of responsibilities, cooperating with each other and
keeping mutual restraint.
 二、 中国公安机关的性质
The nature of the public security department
 公安机关是具有武装性质的国家行政
机关。公安机关实行有别于其他行政
机关的警务化管理的警察组织，执行
警务活动任务时，可配备武器、警械
装备，是纪律部队。

 The public security

department is of armed
nature, which is mainly
represented by armed
police force, who
executes arm-natured task
and is equipped with
weapons.
Responsibilities of何炬教授
the Public主讲
Security Department
 三、 中国公安机关的职责
Responsibilities of the public security department
总体任务 Major Tasks：
◆依法预防、制止和惩治违法犯罪活动
To prevent, restrain and punish illegal and criminal activities
◆保护公民
To protect the people
◆服务经济社会发展
To serve the economic and
social development
◆维护国家安全
To safeguard national security
◆维护社会治安秩序
To maintain social order
 三、 中国公安机关的职责
Responsibilities of the public security department
 具体职责：
 根据中国《人民警察法》第6条的规定，公安机关必须依法履行十四项职责：
 (1)预防、制止和侦查违法犯罪活动；
 (2)维护社会治安秩序，制止危害社会治安秩序的行为；
 (3)维护交通安全和交通秩序，处理交通事故；
 (4)组织、实施消防工作，实行消防监督；
 (5)管理枪支弹药、管制刀具和易燃易爆、剧毒、放射性等危险物品；
 (6)对法律、法规规定的特种行业进行管理；
 (7)警卫国家规定的特定人员，守卫重要的场所和设施；
 (8)管理集会、游行、示威活动；
 (9)管理户政、国籍、入境出境事务和外国人在中国境内居留、旅行的有关事务；
 (10)维护国(边)境地区的治安秩序；
 (11)对被判处管制、拘役、剥夺政治权利的罪犯和监外执行的罪犯执行刑罚，对被宣告缓刑
、假释的罪犯实行监督、考察；
 (12)监督管理计算机信息系统的安全保护工作；
 (13)指导和监督国家机关、社会团体、企业事业组织和重点建设工程的治安保卫工作，指导
治安保卫委员会等群众性组织的治安防范工作；
 (14)法律、法规规定的其他职责。

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 三、 中国公安机关的职责
Responsibilities of the public security department
Responsibilities
According to the regulations in article sixth of the
China’s "People's Police Law", the public security
department shall perform the following fourteen duties in
accordance with the law:
1. To prevent, stop and investigate illegal and criminal activities；
2. To maintain public order, stop acts that endanger public order
3. To maintain traffic safety and order, deal with traffic accidents;
4. To organize and implement fire prevention, provide control and
supervision;
5. To manage firearms and ammunition, knives；flammable and
explosive, toxic, radioactive and other dangerous articles;
 三、 中国公安机关的职责
Responsibilities of the public security department

6. To manage the special industry regulated by the law and

regulations;
7. To safeguard the specific personnel to the provisions of the
state, guard important places and facilities
8. To manage assemblies, parades, demonstrations;
9. To manage affairs related to household registration,
nationality, entry and exit, residence and travel of foreigners
in China;
10. To maintain public security order in the state(border)
areas;
 三、 中国公安机关的职责
Responsibilities of the public security department
11. To exercise criminal penalty execution to the criminals who are
sentenced to public surveillance, detention, deprivation of political
rights, execution outside prison; to supervise and inspect those who
are on probation and parole.
12. To supervise and manage the safety protection of computer
information system;
13. To guide and supervise the public security work of the state organs,
social organizations, enterprises and institutions and the key
construction project, and guide the public security work of the mass
organizations such as public security committees.
14. Other functions stipulated by laws and regulations
Functional allocation and internal institutions of the
MPS
 三、 中国公安机关的职责
Responsibilities of the public security department

 非工作时间履行职责问题
 中国《人民警察法》规定，人民警察在非工作时间，
遇有其职责范围内的紧急情形，应当履行职责。
 这一规定一方面指出人民警察在遇到职责范围内的紧
急情形时，即使在非工作时间，也必须履行职责，不
得借口不在工作时间而逃避履行职责；
 另一方面也确认了人民警察在非工作时间对紧急情形
履行职责的合法性。

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 三、 中国公安机关的职责
Responsibilities of the public security department
Issues of performing duties in non working hours
◆ The "People's Police Law" also stipulates police officers
should perform their duties in non working hours in the
event of an emergency within the scope of their
responsibilities.
◆This provision, on the one hand, points out that the
people‘s police must perform their duties in an emergent
situation within the scope of duties, even in non working
hours, with no excuse allowed of being not in working
hours to avoid performing their duties.
◆on the other hand, it also confirms the legitimacy of the
actions taken by the police in the emergent situation in the
non working hours.
 何炬教授 of
The authorities/power 主讲
the public security department
 （一）中国公安机关权力的概念
Concept of the authority of the public security department

指中国公安机关在法定职责限度内为履行职责，依法采取的措施和手段。

It refers to the
authorized measures
and means adopted by
the department in
accordance with the
law to perform duties
within the limits of
legitimate duties.
 （三）中国公安机关权力的基本构成
Basic authorities of the public security department

 1.公安机关的治安行政管理权
 治安行政处置权
 治安行政处罚权
 治安监督检查权
 治安行政强制权

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 （三）中国公安机关权力的基本构成
Basic authorities of the public security department
1. Authorities of security order
administrative management:
◆ Authority of security order
administrative disposal;
◆ Authority of security order
administrative punishment;
◆ Authority of supervision and
inspection;
◆ Security order administrative
coercive power.
 （三）中国公安机关权力的基本构成
Basic authorities of the public security department

 2.公安机关的刑事司法权
 立案权
 侦查权
 刑事强制权
 刑罚执行权
 短期有期徒刑执行
 暂予监外执行
 缓刑执行
 假释执行
 拘役、管制和剥夺政治权利执行
 驱逐出境执行。

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 （三）中国公安机关权力的基本构成
Basic authorities of the public security department
2. Criminal and judicial authorities(power) of the public
security departmen:
◆ Power to file;
◆ Power to investigate;
◆ Power to impose criminal coercion;
◆ Power to enforce criminal punishment.
(including execution of short term imprisonment; execution
outside prison temporarily; execution of probation;
execution of parole; execution of detention, control and
deprivation of political rights; execution of deportation.
 （三）中国公安机关权力的基本构成
Basic authorities of the public security department

 3.警械、武器使
用权
 公安机关依法
享有使用警械
、武器实施管
理、守卫、保
护、制服和杀
伤的权力

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 （三）中国公安机关权力的基本构成
Basic authorities of the public security department
3. Power of the use of police weapons
Public security
department has the
power to the use of
police instruments
and weapons in the
provision of guard,
protection, bringing
under control and
destruction in
accordance with the
law.
 （三）中国公安机关权力的基本构成
Basic authorities of the public security department

 4.紧急状态处置权
 紧急状态处置，是指公安机关为维护国家安全和社会
治安秩序，对突发的重大暴力犯罪、重大治安事件和
重大治安灾害事故依法采取的非常措施。
 紧急优先权和紧急征用权
 紧急排险权
 管制权
 戒严执行权

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 （三）中国公安机关权力的基本构成
Basic authorities of the public security department
4. Power of emergency disposal
Emergency disposal refers to the very measures taken by the public
security department in unexpected major violent crimes, major
security incidents and major security disasters for safeguarding state
security and public order.
◆ Emergency priority and emergency requisition power
◆ Power of removing danger in case of emergency
◆ Power of control
◆ Power to execute curfew
 何炬教授
China’s Police 主讲
Rank System
 中国的警衔制度
China’s police rank system

 中国人民警察实行警衔制度。警衔是区分人民警
察等级、表明人民警察身份的称号、标志和国家
给予人民警察的荣誉。
 中国实行警察职务等级编制警衔。警衔高的人民
警察对警衔低的人民警察，警衔高的为上级。
 当警衔高的人民警察在职务上隶属于警衔低的人
民警察时，职务高的为上级。

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 中国的警衔制度
China’s police rank system
◆ Rank system is applied in the people's police
team. Rank tells the grade and shows the title and
sign of the people’s police. It is also an honor
given to the people's police by the state.
◆Police ranks are associated with post grades. To
police with higher or lower ranks, police with
higher rank are regarded as superiors.
◆When police with higher ranks are subordinated to
police with lower ranks in post, police with higher
post are regarded as superiors.
 （一）中国人民警察的警衔等级
Grades of the ranks of the people's police

 人民警察警衔设下列五等十三级：
 1.总警监、副总警监；
 2.警监：一级、二级、三级；
 3.警督：一级、二级、三级；
 4.警司：一级、二级、三级；
 5.警员：一级、二级。
 担任专业技术职务的人民警察的警衔，在警衔前冠以
“专业技术”

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 （一）中国人民警察的警衔等级
Grades of the ranks of the people's police

 5 grades with 13 classes of police ranks are set up

including:
1. General Police Commissioner, Duty General Police
Commissioner;
2. Police Commissioner: Class I, Class II, Class III;
3. Police Supervisor, Class I, Class II, Class III;
4. Police Superintendent, Class I, Class II, Class III;
5. Police Constable, Class I, Class II.
As for police with professional and technical positions, the words
“professional and technical” are prefixed to their ranks.
 （一）中国人民警察的警衔等级
Grades of the ranks of the people's police
 （一）中国人民警察的警衔等级
Grades of the ranks of the people's police
 担任行政职务的人民警察的职务等级编制警衔：
 部级正职：总警监
 部级副职：副总警监
 厅(局)级正职：一级警监至二级警监
 厅(局)级副职：二级警监至三级警监
 处(局)级正职：三级警监至二级警督
 处(局)级副职：一级警督至三级警督
 科(局)级正职：一级警督至一级警司
 科(局)级副职：二级警督至二级警司
 科员(警长)职：三级警督至三级警司
 办事员(警员)职：一级警司至二级警员

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 （一）中国人民警察的警衔等级
Grades of the ranks of the people's police
 Ranks corresponding to administrative post grades:
(1)Chief at ministerial level:
General Police Commissioner
(2) Deputy Chief at ministerial level:
Deputy General Police Commissioner
(3) Chief at department (bureau) level:
Police commissioner Class I to Class II
(4) Deputy Chief at department (bureau) level:
Police commissioner Class II to Class III
(5) Chief at division (bureau) level: police commissioner
Class III to Police Supervisor, Class II
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 （一）中国人民警察的警衔等级
Grades of the ranks of the people's police
(6) Deputy Chief at division (bureau) level:
Police Supervisor Class I to Police Supervisor Class III
(7) Chief at section (bureau) level:
Police Supervisor Class I to Police Superintendent Class I
(8) Deputy Chief at section (bureau) level:
Police Supervisor Class II to Police Superintendent Class II
(9) Section member (Sergeant) position:
Police Commissioner Class III to Police Superintendent Class III
(10) Clerk (policeman) position:
Police Superintendent Class I to Police Constable Class II
 （二）中国警察的职务等级编制警衔
Ranks corresponding to the post grades
 担任专业技术职务的人民警察的职务等级编制警衔

 高级专业技术职务：
 一级警监至二级警督；
 中级专业技术职务：
 一级警督至二级警司；
 初级专业技术职务：
 三级警督至一级警员。

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 （二）中国警察的职务等级编制警衔
Ranks corresponding to the post grades
 Ranks of professional and technical
police corresponding to their post
grades
◆ Senior professional and technical officers:
Police Commissioner Class I to Police Supervisor
Class II
◆ Intermediate professional and technical officers:
Police Supervisor Class I to Police Superintendent
Class II
◆Junior professional and technical officers:
Police Supervisor Class III to Police Constable
Class I
 （三）中国人民警察警衔的首次授予与晋升
First offer and promotion of the police rank
1. 警衔的首次授予
（1）总警监、副总警监、一级警监、二级警监由
国务院总理批准授予；
（2）三级警监、警督由公安部部长批准授予；
（3）警司由省、自治区、直辖市公安厅(局)厅(局)
长批准授予；
（4）警员由省、自治区、直辖市公安厅(局)政治部
主任批准授予。

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 （三）中国人民警察警衔的首次授予与晋升
First offer and promotion of the police rank
1. First offer
1) Ranks of General Police Commissioner, Duty General Police
Commissioner, Police Commissioner Class I, and Police
Commissioner Class II are approved by the premier of the state
council;
2) Ranks of Police Commissioner Class III and Police Supervisor are
approved by the Minister of public security;
3) Rank of Police Superintendent is approved by the head of the Public
Security Department (bureau) of the province, autonomous region
and municipality directly under the central government;
4) Rank of Police Constable is approved by the director of the political
division of the Public Security Department (bureau) of the province,
autonomous region and municipality directly under the central
government
 （三）中国人民警察警衔的首次授予与晋升
First offer and promotion of the police rank
 2.中国人民警察警衔的晋升
 二级警督以下的人民警察晋级。
 一级警督以上的人民警察的警衔晋级，在职务等级编制
警衔幅度内，根据其德才表现和工作实绩实行选升。
 人民警察由于职务提升，其警衔低于新任职务等级编制
警衔的最低警衔的，晋升至新任职务等级编制警衔的最
低警衔。
 警司晋升警督，警督晋升警监，经相应的人民警察院校
培训合格后，方可晋升。

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 （三）中国人民警察警衔的首次授予与晋升
First offer and promotion of the police rank
2. Promotion of ranks
◆ Promotion of Police Supervisor Class II and below
◆ Promotion of Police Supervisor Class I and above: Promotions are
granted according to their abilities and performances within the range
of the police ranks and posts.
◆ Rank promotion after promotion of post. After promotion, if his rank
is lower than the minimum rank at the post, he is subject to get
promoted to the lowest rank corresponding to the new post.
◆ Provision that taking part in training is a must at times of promotion.
From superintendent to supervisor, from supervisor to commissioner,
the candidates can not get promotion unless they pass the training
courses tailored for them in corresponding Police Colleges.
 （四）中国人民警察警衔的保留、降级与取消
Retention, demotion and revocation of police ranks
 1.保留：
 退休的，其警衔予以保留，但不得佩带标志。
 调离警察工作岗位或者辞职、退职的，其警衔不予保留。
 2.降级：
 人民警察因不胜任现任职务被降级任下级职务，其警衔高于新任职务
等级编制警衔的最高警衔的，应当调整至新任务职务等级编制警衔的
最高警衔
 3.取消：
 人民警察被开除公职的，其警衔相应取消。
 人民警察犯罪，被依法判处剥夺政治权利或者有期徒刑以上刑罚的，
其警衔相应取消。

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 （四）中国人民警察警衔的保留、降级与取消
Retention, demotion and revocation of police ranks
1. Retention:
 When a police officer retired, his rank can be retained, but shall not
wear a badge.
 Those who are transferred from police positions, resigned and leave
the jobs, ranks shall not be retained.
2. Demotion:
 For those police who are transferred to a lower post because of
incompetency in current position, if their ranks are higher than the
maximum official ranks corresponding to the new position, they shall
be adjusted to the maximum rank corresponding to the new position.
3. revocation:
 Those police who violate disciplines will be given demotion in the
police ranks.
 For those police whose ranks are degraded, rank promotion period
will be recalculated based on degraded rank.
 Thank you!

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