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• Rocks are
classified by how
they form
– Igneous
– Sedimentary
– Metamorphic
• Rocks are
classified by:
– How they form
– Texture
– Grain size
– Mineral
composition
Basalt
Intrusive Igneous Rock
• Intrusive igneous:
cooling takes place
slowly beneath
Earth’s surface
granite
Extrusive Igneous Rock
• Extrusive igneous:
cooling takes place
rapidly on Earth’s
surface
Pumice
Sedimentary Rock
• Sedimentary rock:
forms from the
compaction and/or
cementation of
sediments
• This process is
Limestone
called lithification
• Sediments are:
– Rock pieces
– Mineral grains
– Shell fragments
How do sediments form?
• Sediments form weathering
through the
processes of
weathering and
erosion of rocks
exposed at Earth’s
surface
erosion
Sedimentary Rock con’t….
• Sedimentary rock
can also form from
the chemical
depositing of
materials that were
once dissolved in
water
marble
The Rock Cycle
The Earth Recycles Rock
• The rock cycle is an
ongoing series of
processes inside Earth
and on the surface
Talc
Hardness Scale
1
Common Objects
Which statement is best
Gypsum
supported by the data
2 Fingernail (2.5)
shown?
Calcite 3 Copper penny (3.5)
Quartz 7 Streak plate (7.0)
composed quartz.
Topaz
Topaz 8