Socioeconomic Class

• Varies between societies being rich or poor. It is

based on the collective experiences of man.
• Varies on one's social status: income, value,
assets, savings, cultural interests and hobbies,
economic status of peers and relatives.
British Traditional 3-Class
System:
• upper class
• middle class
• working class
divided into 7 Class System
1. elite
2. established middle class
3. technical middle class
4. new affluent workers
5. traditional working class
6. emergent service workers
7. precariat
National and Ethnicity
• Nationality- it is the identity that is tied to being part
of a nation country - a group of people who share the
same history, traditions, and language.
• can be acquired by being born in a country of by the
process of legal application
Ethnic groups- within a nation are smaller cultural
groups that share specific environments,traditions, and
histories, that are not necessarily subscribed to by the
mainstream culture
Gender
• Gender - refers to the socially constructed
roles,behaviors, activities, and attributes that a
given society considers appropriate for men and
women.
• Sex- refers to the biological characteristic of
humans such as male or female.
Types of Gender:
1. Heterosexual- a person is inclined to be sexually
attracted to opposite sex
2. Homosexual- a person is sexually attracted to a
person of the same sex.
3. Bisexual- who are attracted to both sexes
4. Asexual- totally incapable of being attracted to
any sex.
5. polysexual- attracted to multiple types of gender
6. Pansexual- who accomodate all types of gender
• Transgender- those people whose gender
identities do not match their biological identity as
male or female.
• Transsexual- these individuals believe that the
discord between their internal gender and the
gender role that they have to perform can be
addressed through medical reassignment.
Political Identity
- social category refers to the set of attitudes and
practices that an individual adheres to in relation to
the political systems and actors within his or her
society.
Religion
- the belief in supernatural has been one of the
universal preoccupations of humans as early as
60,000 years ago.

Monotheistic- believing in the existence of one god

Polytheistic- believing in the existence of multiple
gods.
- Some religions have gods arranged in a
hierarchy, and others are with gods that equally
coexist.
Exceptionality/Non-
exceptionality
• Some individuals do not conform to behavioral or
cognitive norms, not because they intend to
deviate from such, but because they are
exceptional.
Cultural Variation
• It promotes diversity and plurality in cultural
traditions. This could lead to discrimination and
ostracism.

• Ethnocentrism- is a perspective that promotes an

individual's culture as the most efficient and
superior. They feel that his/her culture is the most
appropriate as compared with other cultures.
• Cultural Relativism- promotes the perspective
that cultures must be understood in the context of
their locality.

• Biological Egalitarianism- to prevent further

racism. This perspective promotes the equality of
our biological makeup despite our ancestry