NANOTECHNOLOGY IS….

Field of applied science whose theme

is to control the matter on an atomic
and molecular scale.
» One nanometer (nm) is one
billionth, or 10-9 of a meter.

» One human hair(cross

section) is about 100,000
nanometers.

» Larger than Nanoscale is

the microscale, and smaller
than that is the atomic scale.
The history of nanotechnology traces the development of the
concepts and experimental work falling under the broad
category of nanotechnology. Although nanotechnology is a
relatively recent development in scientific research, the
development of its central concepts happened over a longer
period of time.

In 1985, researchers reported the discovery of the “fullerene”.

Which led to the discovery of “buckyball”, a round molecule
consisting of 60 carbon atoms, and “carbon nanotube”

Animation of a rotating
buckyball
 Carbon nanotubes
 Carbon nanotubes are
cylindrical fullerenes.
 They have been constructed
with length-to-diameter ratio
of up to 132,000,000:1.
 Their unique molecular
structure results in
extraordinary macroscopic
properties,making them
potentially useful in many
applications in nanotecnology. The animation of a rotating carbon nanotube
 RICHARD FEYNMAN
• The American physicist Richard
Feynman once gave an talk
"there's plenty of room at the
bottom" which is often held to
have provided inspiration for
the field of nanotechnology.
• Feynman had described a
process by which the ability to
manipulate individual atoms
and molecules might be
developed.
 K. ERIC DREXLER

• In the 1980s the idea of nanotechnology

was conceptually explored in depth by K.
Eric Drexler , who promoted the
technological significance of nanoscale
phenomena and devices through
speeches and two influential books.
 Nanotechnology….
• Has the potential to change every part of our lives.
Nanotechnology affects all materials: ceramics, metals,
polymers, and biomaterials.
• With nanotechnology, we can create unique materials and
products which are: Stronger, Lighter, Cheaper, Durable &
Precise.
• In the coming decade nanotechnology will have an enormous
impact. Future advances could change our approaches to
manufacturing, electronics, IT and communications
technology leading to applications which could not have been
developed or even thought about.
DISADVANTAGES OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
 Global monetary crisis
 Loss of jobs
 Oil becomes worthless
 Diamonds become worthless
 Atomic weapons more destructive and accessible
 In relation to health problems, it is so minute
that its existence in the hand is much unnoticed.
 The risk of inhaling this could be very dangerous,
due to which it can be a cause of death.
 Energy Food Fabric

Electronics
Cosmetics

Medical Defence &

science Security

Nanotechnology
is/will be used in

Improving
Space environment
• Nanotechnology may hold the key for
making space flight more practical.
• Advancements in nanomaterials will
make lightweight solar sails and a
cable for the space elevator possible.
• These advances could lower the cost
of reaching orbit and travelling in
space.
• In addition, new materials combined
with nanosensors and nanorobots
could improve the performance of
spaceships, spacesuits, and the
equipment used to explore planets
and moons, making nanotechnology
an important part of the ‘final
frontier.’
 Nanotechnology is being used as the basis for new, more
effective drug delivery systems.
 Also research work is being done that could lead to
breakthroughs in terms of detecting, diagnosing, and treating
various forms of cancer.
 Nanotechnology medical developments over the coming years
will have a wide variety of uses and could potentially save a
great number of lives.
 In the future, nanotechnology will also aid in the formation of
molecular systems that may be strikingly similar to living
systems. These molecular structures could be the basis for the
regeneration or replacement of body parts that are currently
lost to infection, accident, or disease.
 Nanotechnology is changing significantly the field of electronics,
especially in regard to computers, telecommunications and optics. It is
already being used by the electronic industry and many of today’s
electronics have already incorporated many applications that the
nanotechnology science has developed.
 For example, new computer microprocessors have less than 100
nanometres (nm) features. Smaller sizes mean a significant increase in
speed and more processing capability.
 Nanotechnology science is developing new circuit materials, new
processors, new means of storing information and new manners of
transferring information. Nanotechnology can offer greater versatility
because of faster data transfer, more “on the go” processing capabilities
and larger data memories.
FUTURE DEVICES
 NEW DISCOVERY
• Recently two Indian-Australian scientists
along with an Australian have made a
discovery that lets you charge your portable
devices like mobile phones and tablets by just
typing on them.
• They used nanotechnology to convert
mechanical pressure into electricity.
• The breakthrough was made by combining
piezoelectrics, materials capable of turning
pressure into electricity, with thin film
technology.
• The use of piezoelectrics means that touch
screen portable device could be recharged
through everyday activities like typing.
• It also means that in future pacemakers could
be powered by an individual wearer’s blood
pressure.
NANOTECHNOLOGY
IN ENERGY
o Breakthroughs in nanotechnology open up the possibility
of moving beyond our current alternatives for energy
supply by introducing technologies that are more efficient,
inexpensive, and environmentally safe.
o A solution to the global energy problem will require
revolutionary new technology, as well as conservation and
evolutionary improvements in existing technologies.
o Nanotechnology can have a considerable impact on
creating the sustainable energy. The technological
foundation is there, all it takes is to create the right
research and investment conditions to make it happen.
o Transmission and storage of energy is another major
societal need. In this area nanoscience can bring the most
immediate benefits, with nanotubing and other nano-based
materials creating new opportunities to transport electricity
efficiently and at lower cost over very long distances.
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN
FOOD & FABRIC
• IN FOOD
Nanotechnology is having an impact on several aspects
of food science, from how food is grown to how it is
packaged. Companies are developing nanomaterials
that will make a difference not only in the taste of food,
but also in food safety, and the health benefits that food
delivers.

• IN FABRIC
Making composite fabric with nano-sized particles or
fibres allows improvement of fabric properties without
a significant increase in weight, thickness, or stiffness
as might have been the case with previously-
used techniques. For example incorporating nano-
whiskers into fabric used to make pants produces a
lightweight water and stain repellent material.
NANOTECHNOLOGY
IN COSMETICS
 Nanotechnology in the beauty industry involves making
products with nanoparticles that can go deeper below the skin’s
surface to give better results. Sunscreens and some anti-aging
products are the main cosmetic products on the market
currently being made using nanotechnology.
 Nanotechnology may also be used to prevent graying hair and
combat hair loss in some cases.
 Nanotechnology is elevating the development of skin care
products and cosmetics to another level, making them high-
tech so as to deliver increased benefits to users. In addition to
improving the efficacy of cosmetics and skin care products,
nanotechnology is making it possible for other ingredients to be
used in the manufacturing of beauty products.
 Some large cosmetic players are leading the charge in the field
of nanotechnology in the beauty industry. Chief among these
companies are L’Oreal who has employed the technology in
products such as anti-wrinkle cream.
NANOTECHNOLOG
Y IN DEFENCE
AND
SECURITY
• Nanotechnology is expected to generate improvements in existing
capabilities and the development of entirely new capabilities.
• It will enable and influence a broad spectrum of defence and
security technologies and applications.
• Nanosensor technology will play an important role in the design,
manufacturing, maintenance, and function of defence products.
New sensors will utilise nano science to detect chemical and
biological agents and explosives at levels significantly lower than
previously attained. Reduced sensor weight and volume will allow
greater real-time prognostic health monitoring of aircraft and
spacecraft structure systems.
• As the technologies improve, system level benefits such as high
performance and improved communications capabilities, at
reduced cost, will provide enhanced accuracy for unmanned
combat
The airsay
scientists vehicles or missiles.
that by 2025, combat gear will
• have evolved so that soldiers
Nanotechnology will be
will play a able
majorto role in the development of the
sense an oncoming attack, change like
new generation of army uniforms and equipment.
chameleon to blend in with their surroundings
and make temperature adjustments.
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN
ENVIRONMENT
• The debate is still on whether nanotechnology
will prove to be an environmental protector or, in
fact, a polluter.
• Not many new technologies come along with the
claim that they can actually benefit the
environment.
• But nanotechnology may provide some help in
improving the environment in the near future.
 CONCLUSION

The promises of nanotechnology sound great.

The world in which our future generation
would live will surely be a different one.
Continued nanotechnology advancement will
make the world more advanced making life
easier.
THANK YOU