MATHEMATICS

ASSIGNMENT

Submitted by.
FILLIS HERIC
St.Jacob's B.Ed training colllege
Menamkulam
 TOPIC

Mathematical aspects found in environmental phenomena

 Congruence
 Similarity
 Ratio and proportion
 Goemetric shapes
 Symmetry
 INTODUCTION:

Mathematics is a way of describing the real world so that predictions and insights and
explanations become easier. Environment is a system word meaning the things that effect the
system. But that the system cannnot change.It is used much more generally o mean all things that
effect the system.But that the system cannot change.It is used much more generally to mean all
things that sorrounds or things with which there are interactions.Innnnnnnnnnn all natural
resources we can see the mathematical aspects such as congruence,similarity, goemetrical
shapes etc.
Math is all around us.even in the house, all furnitures are in any goemetrical shape.
Otherwise in kitchen when cooking a dish , we sometimes we chwck the ratio of ingredience.Even
checking timer to make sure the dish cooks for the appropriate amound of time requires math
skills.Patterns in nature are visible regularities of form foound in the natural world.These patterns
recur in different context and can sometimes be modelled mathematically.
 1.CONGRUENCE
Any two goemeric figures are said to be congruent if they can be made to coinside. Congruent
means exactly agreeing. They exactly alike in all respects of figures having all curresponding
parts equal.Congruency are mostly proved by superimposiyion.So any figure can be exactly
reprodused anywhere.The congruence can be seen even in nature. There are so many
examplesfor that.

Example:

Petals of same flower.

Feathers of butterfly
 2.SIMILARITY
Similar figures are related to one another in the same way as a lanthern slide and its
projection on a screeen.Similar figures are figures of the same appearence, irrespective of the
size.Similarities applies to surface (and solids) rather than lines. Two conditions only are
requisites for similarity,
1.The same shape
2.proportionate dimensions
Both conditions are generally necessory
Example:

Leaves of a same plant

 3. RATIO AND PROPORTION
Ratio is the number which gives the relation of a certain quantity to another
quantity. When four terms are so related that the ratio of the first to the second is the same as the
ratio of the third to fourth, they are said to be in proportion.
Example:

The eye-like markings of this moth fall at golden sections of the lines that mark its width and
length.
 4. GOEMETRIC SHAPES
Goemetry is the study of properties of shapes, for example circle, triangle, and
suqares and is used to reach conclusions about the size of angles and lengths of lines. Goemetry
is not restricted to shapes in two dimensions can be extended to three dimensional situation. In
nature we can see different goemetrical shapes. We can see different goemetrical figures in
nature.
Examples:

Star fish

Lemon cut into two piece

 5. SYMMETRY
Stand in front of looking glass with a book in your right hand. In the glass you see an
image of yourself. But the image holds the book in left hand. Close your left eye the image closes
its right eye. The image of your right hand is a left hand. Right and left handed patterns that can
be folded exactly together and are thus images of each other are said to be symmetrical.
Symmetrical figures are exactly alike in all respects save one. If an apple is cut into two equal
parts ,and parts are not seperated, the apple is symmetric with respect to the plane which divides
it
Example:

Butterfly

Humanbeing
 CONCLUSION:
Environment is used community to mean the biosphere the interrelated living part of our
world and the parts of our world that living things depends on. Mathematical models can
desribe parts of our environment and factors that effect it. This enables predictions to be made.
Mathematics plays a central role in our scientific picture of the world. How
the connection between mathematics and the world is to be accounted for remains one of the
most challenging problems in philosophy of science, philosophy of mathematics , general
philosophy. A very important aspect of this problem is that of accounting for the explanatory role
mathematics seems to play in the account of physical phenomena.

REFERENCE:
 Patterns in nature – Stevens, Peter,1974
 The teaching of mathematics – S M Aggarwal
 Answer.ask.com/science/nature