ANOVA (Analysis of Variance)

Example 1 (One-way ANOVA)

 A manufacturing company has purchased three new machines of different
makes. The production manager wishes to determine whether all machines are
similar or some are different in terms of producing a certain output. Five
hourly production figures are observed at random from each of the machines
and the results are presented in the table below. What conclusion can be drawn
at 5% level of significance.

Observation Machine
A B C
1 30 36 26
2 35 44 32
3 41 43 30
4 43 47 27
5 36 40 30
 Example 2
 A management consulting company presents a three-day seminar on project management to
various clients. The seminar is basically the same each time it is given. However, sometimes it is
presented to high-level managers, sometimes to middle-level managers and sometimes to low-level
managers. The seminar facilitators believe evaluations of the seminar may vary with the audience.
Suppose the following data are some randomly selected evaluation scores from different levels of
managers who attend the seminar. The ratings are on a scale of 1 to 10, with 10 being the highest.
Use a one-way ANOVA to determine whether there is a significant difference in the evaluations
according to manager level. Assume level of significance as 5%.

High-level Mid-level Low-level

7 8 5
7 9 6
8 8 5
7 10 7
9 9 4
10 8
8
Example 3
 The data below gives the number of hours of relief from a
painkiller remedy. Using 5% level of significance, determine
whether there is any difference in the average level of relief
between different brands.
Brands
A B C D E
4.4 5.8 4.8 2.9 4.6
4.6 5.2 5.9 2.7 4.3
4.5 4.9 4.9 2.9 3.8
4.1 4.7 4.6 4.6 3.9
3.8 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.4
 Example 4 (Two-way ANOVA)
 The following data pertain to the number of units produced per day by six workmen
from five different brands of machines:
Machine brand
A B C D E
33 32 31 27 42
38 40 37 32 36
36 42 35 24 35
40 38 33 18 29
31 30 34 25 32
35 34 30 20 30
 Perform a two-way ANOVA using a 0.05 level of significance and test the following:
 Whether mean productivity of the five brands of machines is same
 Whether 6 different workmen are similar with respect to productivity
 Example 5
 A motion study is conducted for assembling of wall clocks. After thorough training, four
assemblers are made to work on five work designs. The number of clocks assembled by
each mechanic on each design for a day is recorded below:
Assembl Work design
er 1 2 3 4 5
A 10 13 9 14 11
B 5 10 5 10 6
C 6 12 5 10 6
D 4 8 4 11 5

 Test at 5% level of significance whether

 Assemblers are same in productivity
 Work designs are same in efficiency
 Example 6
 A company has employed five different machines with five different operators working on it turn-
by-turn. The table given below shows the number of units produced on randomly selected days by
five machines with the concerned operator working on it :
operator → O1 O2 O3 O4 O5
Machine ↓
M1 25 27 26 28 27

M2 27 28 28 27 28

M3 28 29 27 26 27

M4 32 33 32 35 34

M5 33 32 33 33 34

 Test whether
 The operators significantly differ in performance?
 There is a significant difference between the machines?
 Take 90% as confidence level for testing the hypothesis.