Presentation on

Experimental studies on roads using recycled

plastics

Under Guidance Of:- Presented by :-

Mr. R.SRIKANTH Batch no-004A (RS)
P.Jyoshna (160715732044)
Dhanalaxmi (160715732022)
Adnan Akber (160714732025)
D. Manideep (160715732049)
CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Objective
 Types, Properties and Characteristics of plastic
 Methodology
 Procedure of WET PROCESS
 Experiments Performed & Results
 Advantages & Disadvantages
 Conclusion
 References
 Introduction
Plastic roads are roads made either entirely of plastic or
of composites of plastic with other materials. Plastic
roads are different from standard roads in the respect
that standard roads are made from asphalt concrete,
which consists of mineral aggregates and asphalt.

• India generates 5.6million tones of plastic waste

annually.
• India generates 15,342 tons of plastic waste/day.
• Total plastic waste collected and recycled-9,205
tons/day
 Objective
• To arrive the optimum plastic waste content
by conducting of marshall stability.
• To study the performance of modified
bituminous mix on moisture susceptibility,
durability ,strength aspects.
Properties & Characteristics of plastic
• Resistance to water ,wear and tear.
• Durability is high.
• Available at low cost.
• Disposal issues.
• Environmental and Ecological issues.
• Properties enhanced.
• Safe & hygienic-inert and chemical resistance.
• Light weight and non breakability.
• Excellent Barrier properties-Enhancing self life.
• Superior impact resistance.
• Transparency as well as opacity.
• Lower fuel consumption &product loss during transportation.
 Types of plastic Origin Suitability

Low density polyethylene Bags, sacks, bin lining Yes

Bottles of pharmaceuticals,
High density polyethylene Disinfectants, milk, fruit Yes
juices bottles
Film wrapping for biscuits,
Polypropylene microwave trays for ready- Yes
made meals
Yoghurt pots, clear egg packs
Polystyrene Yes
bottle caps
Mineral water bottles, credit
cards, toys, Pipes & gutters,
Polyvinyl chloride No
electrical fittings furniture
folders, pens etc.
Methodology
 As following to the methodology we have two
types of process

 WET PROCESS

 DRY PROCESS
Wet PROCESS
• In which waste plastic is directly mixed with
hot bitumen at 160⁰C.
• Mechanical stirrer is required to mix the
material .
• Addition of stabilizers is done and proper
cooling is being required.
• Since it requires bigger plant and more
investments than the DRY PROCESS, wet
process is not used widely.
DRY PROCESS

• In which aggregates are heated up to 170⁰C

mini hot mix plant.
• Shredded plastics will be added in equal
proportions
• Immediately hot bitumen 60/70 or 80/100
grade (160) is added.
• Mixture is transferred to road & road is laid.
 Tests on Aggregates
1. Shape test
2. Specific gravity of aggregates and water
absorption
3. Aggregates impact test
4. Aggregates crushing test
5. Los Angeles abrasion test
Shape Test
• The particle shape of aggregates is determined by the
percentage of flaky and elongated particles contained
in it.
• For base course and construction of bituminous and
cement concrete types, the presence of flaky and
elongated particles are considered undesirable as these
cause inherent weakness with possibilities of breaking
down under heavy loads.
• Thus, evaluation of shape of the particles, particularly
with reference to flakiness and elongation is necessary.
 Specific Gravity of Aggregates

• The specific gravity of an aggregate is

considered to be a measure to strength or
quality of the material.
• Stones having low specific gravity are
generally weaker than those with higher
specific gravity value.
 Water Absorption test

• For this test a sample not less than 2000g should

be used.
• The apparatus used for this test are: - wire
basket-perforated, electroplated or plastic coated
with wire hangers for suspending it from the
balance, water-tight container for suspending the
basket, dry soft absorbent cloth-75cm x 45cm (2
nos.), shallow trays of minimum 650 sq.cm areas,
air-tight container of a capacity similar to the
basket and oven.
 Aggregate Impact Test
• The aggregate impact test is carried out to evaluate the
resistance to impact of aggregates.
• Aggregates passing 12.5mm sieve and retained on 10 mm sieve
is filled in a cylindrical steel cup of internal diameter 10.2mm
and depth 50 mm which is attached to a metal base of impact
testing machine.
• The material is filled in three layers where each layer is
tamped for 25 numbers of blows.
• Metal hammer of weight 13.5 to 14 kg is arranged to drop with
a free fall of 38.0 cm by vertical guides and the test specimen is
subjected to 15 numbers of blows.
• The crushed aggregate is allowed to pass through 2.36 mm IS
sieve. And the impact value is measured as percentage of
aggregates passing sieve (W2) to the total weight of sample
(W1).
• Aggregate impact value= W2/W1*100
 Aggregate crushing test

• Aggregate crushing value test on coarse aggregates

gives a relative measure of the resistance of an
aggregate crushing under gradually applied
compressive load.
• Coarse aggregate crushing value is the percentage by
weight of the crushed material obtained when test
aggregates are subjected to a specified load under
standardized conditions.
• Aggregate crushing value is a numerical index of the
strength of the aggregate and it is used in construction
of roads and pavements.
• Crushing value of aggregates indicates its strength.
 Los Angeles abrasion test
• Los Angeles abrasion test on aggregates is the measure
of aggregate toughness and abrasion resistance such
as crushing, degradation and disintegration.
• The aggregate used in surface course of the highway
pavements are subjected to wearing due to movement
of traffic.
• The principle of Los Angeles abrasion test is to produce
abrasive action by use of standard steel balls which
when mixed with aggregates and rotated in a drum for
specific number of revolutions.
 TESTS ON BITUMEN
1. DUCTILITY TEST
2. SOFTENING POINT
3. PENETRATION TEST
4. FLASH AND FIRE TEST
 DUCTILITY TEST
• Ductility is the property of bitumen that permits it to
undergo great deformation or elongation.
• Ductility is defined as the distance in cm, to which a
standard sample or briquette of the material will be
elongated without breaking.
• Dimension of the briquette thus formed is exactly 1cm
sq. the bitumen sample is heated and poured in the
mold assembly placed on a plate.
• These samples with molds are cooled in the air and
then in the water bath at 27⁰C temperature. The excess
bitumen is cut and the surface is leveled using a hot
knife.
 SOFTENING POINT
• Softening point denotes the temperature at
which the bitumen attains a particular degree of
softening under the specifications of the test.
• The test is conducted by using Ring and Ball
apparatus.
• A brass ring containing test sample of bitumen is
suspended in liquid like water or glycerin at a
given temperature.
• A steel ball is placed upon the bitumen sample
and the liquid medium is heated at a rate of 5⁰C
per minute.
 Penetration Test
• It measures the hardness or softness of bitumen by
measuring in tenths of a millimeter to which a standard
loaded needle will penetrate vertically in 5 seconds.
• BIS had standardized the equipment and test
procedure. The penetrometer consists of a needle
assembly with a total weight of 100g and a device for
releasing and locking in any position.
• The bitumen is softened to a pouring consistency,
stirred thoroughly and poured into containers at a
depth at least 15mm in excess of the expected
penetration.
 Flash and Fire Point Test
• At high temperatures depending upon the grades
of bitumen materials leave out volatiles.
• And these volatiles catch fire which is very
hazardous and therefore it is essential to qualify
this temperature for each bitumen grade.
• BIS defined the flash point as the temperature at
which the vapor of bitumen momentarily catches
fire in the form of flash under specified test
conditions.
 MARSHALL STABILITY TEST
• Marshall Stability is a standard method of
bituminous mix design (arriving optimum
bitumen content).
• This method has been widely used in India and it
is considered to be a good laboratory test for
arriving strength of bituminous concrete mix.
• In the present study, this test is conducted to
know the strength behavior of bituminous
concrete mix of aggregates coated with different
proportion of plastic waste.
 RESULTS
Permissible limits of Aggregates test as per MORTH

S.No. Test Permissible values

Abrasion Test
a. using Los Angele
1 35%
Machine(max)
b.Aggregates impact test(max) 30%
2 Stripping test (max) 25%
3 Water absorption (max) 1%
Soundness test: loss with sodium
4 12%
sulphate 5 cycles (max)
5 Weight unit or bulk density 15%
Results of Virgin Aggregates

Tests on aggregate Virgin aggregates(0% LDPE)

Shape test 13.3%
Specific gravity 2.72%
Water absorption 1.7%
Impact test 13.88%
Crushing test 27.42%
Los Angeles Abrasion test 18.32%
 Test results of aggregates with and without LDPE

Virgin Aggregates Aggregate Aggregate Aggregate MORTH

Aggregate
Aggregate coated with coated with coated with coated with Specification
Tests
0% LDPE 3% LDPE 6% LDPE 9% LDPE 12% LDPE limits
Shape Test
(combine 13.30% 13.30% 13.30% 13.30% 13.30% Max. 35 %
EI+FI)

Impact Test 13.88% 12.39% 11.30% 10.11% 9.35% Max. 24 %

Crushing
27.42% 25.12% 21.80% 18.35% 16.51% Max. 30 %
Test

Specific
2.72 2.75 2.80 2.83 2.86 2.5-3.0
Gravity Test

Water
Absorption 1.70% 1.04% 0.38% Nil Nil Max. 2 %
Test
Los Angeles
Abrasion 18.32% 13.20% 11.24% 9.92% 9.12% Max. 27 %
Test
Test results of bitumen

Test Result Ranges

Ductility Test 78.40 cm Min. 40
Penetration
84 mm 80-100 mm
Test
Softening
47.5⁰C 40-60⁰C
Point
Flash Point 280⁰C
> 175⁰C
Fire Point 320⁰C
Results of Marshall Stability Test

Flow
Bitumen Stability
PET % Vv Vb VMA VFB Rate
% (Kg)
(mm)
3 5 8.07 10.44 18.52 56.415 1543 4.52
6 5 6.19 10.12 16.31 62 1652 4.65
9 5 5.045 9.79 14.84 66.04 1831 4.67
12 5 3.43 9.54 12.97 73.55 1996 4.74
Marshall Stability Graph

Marshall Stability
2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0
VMA VFB Stability (Kg) Flow Rate (mm)

3 % PET 6 % PET 9 % PET 12 % PET

 ADVANTAGES OF RECYCLED PLASTIC
BITUMINOUS MIX
• Stronger road with increased Marshall stability value.
• Better resistance towards rain water and water
stagnation.
• No stripping or No pot holes.
• Increase binding and better bonding of mix.
• Reduction in pores in aggregates and hence less rutting
and raveling.
• The cost of road construction is also decreased.
• Disposal of waste plastic will no longer be a problem.
• The strength of the road is increased to 90%
 CONCLUSION
• Aggregate impact value of virgin aggregates
was 13.88%. It was reduced to 9.35%for
aggregates coated with plastics. Reduction
shows that toughness of aggregates has
increased to face the impact loads.
• Crushing value reduced from 27.42% to
16.51%,which indicates strong aggregates.
• Specific gravity increased from 2.72 to 2.86 as
the aggregates are coated with waste plastic.
• Water absorption is also reduced from 1.7 to nil
as the permeability of aggregates have reduced
totally.
• Los Angeles abrasion test value of virgin
aggregates was found to be 18.32% which was
reduced to 9.12% for the plastic coated
aggregates.
• Values of VG-20 also changed in wide range as
plastic content is mixed to it. The properties of
VG-20 bitumen have shown better and improved
properties when mixed with waste plastics.
 REFERENCES
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