SIMPLE LINEAR

REGRESSION ANALYSIS
Group 3
 VIRAY, Darius
MANAOAT, Gerald
SORIANO, Claudine Kaye
DE GUZMAN, Shekinah
BERNAL, Benedict
DELA CRUZ, Benjamin
DELOS SANTOS, John Michael
CRUZ, Annabelle (absent)
Linear Regression
• The simplest and commonly used statistical measure for prediction
studies.
• Concerned with finding an equation that uses the known values of
one or more variables (independent or predictor variable) to estimate
the unknown value of quantitative variable (dependent or criterion).
• A prediction when a variable (Y) is dependent on a second variable (X)
based on the regression equation of a given set of data.
Three (3) Major Uses of Regression Analysis
1. Causal Analysis – establishes the possible causation of changes in
one variable by changes in other variables.
2. Forecasting an Effect – predicts or estimate the value of a variable
given the values of other variables.
3. Linear Trend Forecasting – imposes a line of best fit to time series
historical model (Mc Guigan, 2011).
The general form of the linear function is Y=
a+ bX
a = is called the Y- intercept of the
line (the value of Y when X is
equal to zero)
b = is the slope of the line called
the regression (the rate of change
of Y per unit in X).
Regression Line
• A Line that describes the statistical relationship between X and Y.
• A straight line that attempts to predict the relationship between
points also known as line of vest fit.
• The regression line gives an estimate of the mean value of Y; denoted
by Y, given the value of X. Hence the equation of regression line is Y=
a + bX.
Characteristics of the Regression Line
1. When b > 0, Y increases as X increases.
Characteristics of the Regression Line
2. When b < 0, Y decreases as X increases.
Characteristics of the Regression Line
3. When b = 0, Y is constant and is equal to the y- intercept a.
Characteristics of the Regression Line
Calculation of the Regression Equation
Given: Equation of the line Y = a + bX
Computing for a and b:

∑XY – [ ∑X ∑Y/N]
𝑏= 2
∑X
[ X2 – ]
N

𝑎 = 𝑌 − 𝑏𝑋
Example:
Fifteen (15) randomly selected Grade 11 students took a 50- item
mathematics aptitude test before they began their course in Statistics
and Probability subjects:
1. What linear equation best predicts performance ( based on first
grading test scores) in Statistics and Probability based on
performance in the mathematics aptitude?
2. If a student made a score of 45 on the math aptitude test, what
score would we expect the student to obtain in Statistics and
Probability?
3. How well does the regression equation fits the data?
Data scores of 15 students on Math Aptitude and Statistics Test Score –
Test 1 (X), Test 2 (Y).
Test 1 (X) Test 2 (Y) X2 Y2 XY
38 25 1444 325 950
35 20 1225 400 700
30 17 900 289 510
28 15 784 225 420
25 12 625 144 300
24 15 576 225 360
20 18 400 324 360
18 10 324 100 180
16 12 256 144 192
15 10 225 100 150
12 10 144 100 120
10 10 100 100 100
8 7 64 49 56
7 6 49 36 42
5 5 25 25 25
∑X= 291 ∑Y= 192 ∑X2= 7141 ∑Y2= 2886 ∑XY= 4465