MIXING LOSSES IN CASCADE

Guide : Ms.Ashvini Desai – Aeronautical Dept

-Santhosh Kumar R - 311015101081
-Rishi Kumar K - 311015101073
-Sakthivel P - 311015101078
-Vigneswara G - 311015101096
 CONTENTS
• DOMAIN DESCRIPTION
• ABSTRACT
• MOTIVATION
• INTRODUCTION OF CASCADE LS89
• MODULE
• IMPLEMENTATION
• RESULTS
 Domain Description
• Aerodynamics is the study of properties of moving air and the
interaction between the air and solid bodies moving through it.
• Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) is the branch of fluid mechanics
that uses numerical analysis and data structures to analyse and solve
problems that involve fluid flows.
 ABSTRACT
• Numerical method carried to measure total losses of a linear cascade
of transonic turbine blades.
• Detailed measurements of the boundary layer at the rear of the
suction surface of a blade and examination of wake travelling through
data enable the individual components of boundary layer, shock and
mixing loss to be determined
• Results indicate that each component contributes significantly to the
overall loss in different Mach number regimes
 MOTIVATION
• A turbomachine is a device where mechanical energy, in the form of shaft work, is
transferred either to or from a continuously flowing fluid by the dynamic action of
rotating blade rows.
• The mechanical power produced by turbomachine is most satisfactory than that of
various other means due to the absence of reciprocating and rubbing members.
• There is the need of turbomachine to be work with the desired performance and design
with minimum losses i.e. highly efficient in order to use the fuel very efficiently.
• So the efficiency of turbine depends largely upon the aerodynamic performance of the
turbine blades.
• Thus a lot of experiments and studies are still going on the designing of blade profiles
and on the loss models in the turbine.
• . Cascade tests are used to examine the effects of variation of flow conditions and blade
geometry on losses
 LITERATURE SURVEY
• Ainley, D. G. & Mathieson, G. (1951) proposed a method for estimating the
performance of an axial flow turbine. The Ainley and Mathieson correlation
method consists of a complete set of correlations for profile losses, secondary
losses, and tip leakage losses both at design and off-design values of incidence.
• A Master thesis report by Christopher Sooriyakumaran (2014), Carleton
University Ottawa, Ontario documents the experimental study of the
aerodynamic performance of transonic turbine cascades, with particular
emphasis on the profile losses generated at the design incidence. The measured
profile losses were compared with the predictions from the Kacker & Okapuu
(1982) loss system.
• Mee et al. (1992) experimentally examined the individual components of the
midspan losses in a transonic cascade using detailed measurements in the
boundary layer at the trailing edge, and measurements of the wake downstream
of the cascade.
 INTRODUCTION OF LS89 CASCADE
• LS89 cascade is widely used for the prediction of CFD codes capability.
• This cascade was tested at the von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics
with the aim to improve the predictive capabilities of CFD codes.
• The complete experimental results were published in the VKI Technical
Note TN174 [4] in 1990.
• The experimental investigation was carried out at the von Karman Institute
Isentropic Light Piston Compression Tube facility CT -2.
• The main aim in this report for validation and detailed calculation for
segregation, which is obtained by flow analysis in ANSYS CFX of VKILS89
cascade and compare the results with the experimental test case data.
• The LS89 has been tested for different Mach and Reynolds numbers which
can be varied independently in the VKI-CT2 test facility.
MODULES

PARAMETER SYMBOLS VALUE

Chord c 67.647 mm
Pitch to chord s/c 0.85
ratio
Throat to chord o/c 0.2207
ratio
Stagger angle ϒ 55°
Leading edge rLE/c 0.061
radius to
chord ratio
Trailing edge rTE/c 0.0105
radius to
chord ratio
Inlet length ΔxIN 50% of cax
Outlet length ΔxOUT 1.433cax
IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS FOR EACH MODULE

TURBOGRID
• In ANSYS TurboGrid the maximum limit for the number of blade to be generated
is 360.
• The GEOMETRY is given in X Y coordinate with the Pitch, S= 57.5 mm.
• In TURBOGRID the Maximum allowable Number Of Blade, N=360.
• With the formula S= (2πR)/N, we get R2= 3294.507 mm.
• Domain Thickness, i.e. span= 10mm. Inlet boundary location= 50% Cax & Outlet
boundary location = 1.433 of Cax .
• The work model is imported into TURBOGRID by the curve files.
• Where s is the pitch, r is mean radius and n is the number of blades.
• Using the appropriate flow domain and the domain thickness of 10mm the work
model is imported into TurboGrid by the curve files.
MESH

The total number of nodes: 76284.

 BOUNDARY CONDITION APPLIED TO DOMAIN

Symmetry Periodic

Blade

Outlet

Inlet

Periodic
 RESULTS
Blade Loading
Exit Flow Angle And Energy Loss Coefficient
Mach Number Contours

M=0.6 M=0.8

M=0.9 M=1.1
Near Wake Measurements
LOSS SEGREGATION
 CONCLUSION
• The relative magnitude of the individual loss components of the
tested cascade vary with Mach number.
• Boundary layer losses decreased roughly linearly with increasing
Mach number due to the thinning of the boundary layers.
• At low subsonic Mach numbers, the boundary layer losses
contributed to the majority of the total losses.
• As the boundary layer losses decrease, the mixing losses increased to
give constant total loss at subsonic Mach numbers.
 Reference
• Ainley, D. G. & Mathieson, G. (1951). A method of performance
estimation for axial-flowturbines. Aeronautical Research Council of
Great Britain, R&M 2974.
• Mee, D. J., Baines, N. C., Oldfield, M. L. G., & Dickens, T. E. (1992). An
examination of thecontributions to a loss on a transonic turbine in
cascade. ASME Journal of Turbomachinery,Vol. 114, pp. 155–162.
• RAJ, R. and LAKSHMINARAYANA, B. 1973 Characteristics of the wake
behind a cascade of airfoils. J.Fluid Mech. Vol.61, pt.4,pp. 707-730
• H Cohen & Rogers HIH Saravanamuttoo,” Gas turbine theory”