GURU NANAK INSTITUTIONS TECHNICAL CAMPUS(AUTONOMOUS),ibrahimpatnam
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
MINI PROJECT SEMINAR ON
AUTOMATIC IRRIGATION SYSTEM ON
SENSING SOIL MOISTURE BY CH.KAVYA SRI 15WJ1A0225 G.MANASA 15WJ1A0244 K.MANOJ KUMAR 15WJ1A0262
PROJECT COORDINATOR INTERNAL GUIDE HOD
Mr. J.MAHESH YADAV Mr. CH.V.SURYANARAYANA Dr .P .V .KISHORE M. TECH, (Ph .D) M. TECH M. TECH, Ph .D ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR ASSISTANT PROFESSOR PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND
4/7/2019 1 ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION IMPORTANCE BLOCK DIAGRAM COMPONENTS POWER SUPPLY BLOCK DIAGRAM OF POWER SUPPLY MICROCONTROLLER 8051 MICROCONTROLLER FEATURES SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY RELAY MOTOR WORKING OUTPUT SCREENSHOT ADVANTAGES APPLICATIONS
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This project is intended to create an automated irrigation mechanism which turns the pumping motor ON and OFF on detecting the moisture content of the earth. In the domain of farming, utilization of appropriate means of irrigation is significant. The benefit of employing this technique is to decrease the human interference and still make certain appropriate irrigation. This automated irrigation project brings into play LM358 INTERFACING CIRCUIT and UL2003 SENSOR.
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In agriculture field, the environmental parameters are monitored only by farmer. There is no automatic system is available for agriculture monitoring. In this system, the agricultural soil moisture is going to be monitored by sensor. The sensor is interfaced with the microcontroller. This system is proposed to maximize the net profits of agricultural resources and protect plants against frost.
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The aim of the project is to develop an auto irrigation system which measures the moisture of the soil and automatically turns on or off the water supply system. A properly configured soil moisture sensor can save up to 60 percent of water used in irrigation.
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POWER SUPPLY
AT89S52 LCD SOIL MOISTURE sensor
Relay Pump Motor
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HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS: AT89S52 with power supply LCD display Pump motor Soil moisture sensor Relay board SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS: Embedded C KEIL Compiler
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The power supply section which provide +5v for the components to work IC LM7805 is proving a constant power supply of +5v The AC voltage ,typically 220v,is connected to a transformer ,which steps down that ac voltage down to the level of desired dc output A regulator circuit removes the ripples and also retains same dc value even if input and output varies Voltage regulation usually obtained using one of the popular voltage regulator IC units
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TRANSFO RECTIFIE IC LOA FILTER D RMER RR REGULATOR
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A Microcontroller (or MCU) is a computer-on-a-chip used to control electronic devices. It is a type of microprocessor emphasizing self-sufficiency and cost-effectiveness, in contrast to a general-purpose microprocessor (the kind used in a PC). A typical microcontroller contains all the memory and interfaces needed for a simple application, whereas a general purpose microprocessor requires additional chips to provide these functions. The four basic parts of microcontroller are: central processing unit(CPU),internal memory, register, and input/output(I/O) subsystem 4/7/2019 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 10 Eight-bit CPU with registers A (the accumulator) and B Sixteen-bit program counter (PC) and the data pointer (DPTR) Eight-bit program status word (PSW) Eight-bit stack pointer (SP) Internal ROM or EPROM (8751) of 0 (8031) to 4K (8051) Internal RAM of 128 bytes: Four register banks, each containing eight registers Sixteen bytes, which may be addressed at the bit level Eighty bytes of general-purpose data memory Thirty-two input/output pins arranged as four 8-bit ports: P0-P3 Two 16-bit timer/counters: T0 and T1 Full duplex serial data receiver/transmitter: SBUF Control registers: TCON, TMOD, SCON, PCON, IP, and IE Two external and three internal interrupt sources Oscillator and clock circuits
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A SOIL type sensor is the easiest of soil moisture sensor but it is considered as being highly crude. It is suitable for an inaccurate measurement such as the soil being wet or not. The sensor uses the sol as the resistance medium and passes the current through the soil between the two electrodes. The resistance value represents the moisture content of the soil. By accumulating more water this makes the soil to have more conductivity; the moisture soil will be less than the dry soil. 4/7/2019 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 12 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and find a wide range of applications. A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two registers, namely, Command and Data.
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Fig : 14*6 LCD display
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A relay is an electromechanical switch, which perform ON and OFF operations without any human interaction. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal
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We use submersible pump motor Submersible pump is a device which has a hermetically sealed motor(prevents water from getting inside and causing a short circuit) It operates by pumping process this pump is fully submerged in the liquid to be pumped
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The soil moisture sensor is inserted in the soil. Depending on the quality of the sensor, it must be inserted near the roots of the plant. The soil moisture sensor measures the conductivity of the soil. Wet soil will be more conductive than dry soil. The soil moisture sensor module has a comparator in it. The voltage from the prongs and the predefined voltage are compared and the output of the comparator is high only when the soil condition is dry. This output from the soil moisture sensor is given to the analogue input pin (Pin 2 – RA0) of the microcontroller.
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The microcontroller continuously monitors the analogue input pin. When the moisture in the soil is above the threshold, the microcontroller displays a message mentioning the same and the motor is off. When the output from the soil moisture sensor is high i.e. the moisture of the soil is less. This will trigger the microcontroller and displays an appropriate message on the LCD and the output of the microcontroller, which is connected to the base of the transistor is high. When the transistor is turned on, the relay coil gets energized and turns on the motor. The LED is also turned on and acts as an indicator. When the moisture of the soil reaches the threshold value, the output of the soil moisture sensor is low and the motor is turned off. The system is also designed to warn when the moisture is very high than the threshold and the soil is too wet, which is dangerous for the plant.
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4/7/2019 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 19 Prevents disease and weeds. Conserves water and time. Preserves soil structure and nutrients. Gardening flexibility.
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The circuit can be used to measure the loss of moisture in the soil over time due to evaporation and intake. The circuit is designed to work automatically without the need of human intervention. The project is intended for small gardens and residual environment.
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THANK YOU Any questions?.....
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