Probability

Probability
 It is the chance that something will happen.
 It is a measure of how likely an event is to occur.

For example:
a. Today there is a 30% chance of rain.
Experiment
 is any procedure that can be infinitely repeated and
has a well-defined set of possible outcomes, known
as the sample space.

For example:
o Rolling a die
o Flipping two coins
o Drawing a card from a deck of 52 cards
Sample space
 a set of all possible outcomes of an experiment.
 it is usually denoted by the letter S and it can be
written using the set notation, { }.
 one of the possible outcome is sample point.

For example:
When rolling a die, the sample space is S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
while the sample point is S = 5.
Outcome
 it is a possible result of a probability
experiment.

For example:
When tossing a coin, the possible outcomes are
Head and Tail. The possible result is 2.
 is a specific result of a probability experiment.

For example:
When rolling a die, what is the probability of rolling
an even number?

Event = the probability of rolling an even number.

 Formula:

P(event) = number of ways event can occur

total number of outcomes
Look for the event, sample space, and outcome.
1. A die is rolled, find the probability that an odd
number is obtained.

Event: the probability that

an odd number is obtained
is 3.

S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

Outcome = 6
2) Each of the letters MATHEMATICS is written on a
card. A card is chosen at random from the bag. What
is the probability of getting the letter ‘T’?

Event = The probability of

getting the letter ‘T’.

S = {M, A, T, H, E, M, A, T, I, C, S}

Outcomes = 11
Look for the event, sample space, and outcome.
1. An amusement park has 18 attractions, including 9
food stands. What is the probability that a randomly
selected attraction at this amusement park will be a
food stand?
Event: Randomly selected
attraction at this amusement
park will be a food stand.

S = {18 attractions}

Outcome: {18}
2) A fruit basket contains several different
types of fruit. What is the probability that a
randomly selected piece of fruit will be a
banana?
Apples 3
Banana 4
Mango 2
Event: Randomly selected
Apples 3
piece of fruit will be a
banana. Bananas 4

S = {3 Apples, 4 Bananas, 2 Mangoes 2

Mangoes}

Outcome: {9}
3) What is the probability of rolling a multiple
of 2 with one toss of a number cube?

Event: Rolling a multiple of 2

S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

Outcome: {6}
4) There are 8 pink stripes balls, balls, 6 green
stripes ball, and 7 red stripes balls in a
box. Suppose you select one marble at
random. Find each probability.

1. P(pink)
2. P(red)
3. P(green)
Activity:
Find the probability of the following:

1) If one letter is chosen at random from the word

TRUSTWORTHY, what is the probability that the
letter chosen is a consonant?
2) A box contains 7 red balls, 5 orange balls, 4
yellow balls, 6 green balls and 3 blue balls. What is
the probability of drawing out an orange ball?
3) Given: Set R = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12}
What is the probability of having an even number
divisible by 3?
4) There are 20 marbles in a container: 4 are red, 5
are blue and 11 are yellow. What is the probability
that a blue marble will be picked?
5) Choosing a month from a year, what is the
probability of selecting a month with 31 days?
6) Of the 45 students in a class, 25 are boys. If a
student is selected at random for a field trip, what
is the probability of selecting a girl?
7) Angel is asked to choose a day from a week. What
is the probability of choosing a day which starts
with S?
8-10. In the deck of 52 cards. Find each probability:

8) P(Redcard)
9) P(Ace)
10) P(Facecards)
Assignment:
1. Two fair coins are tossed simultaneously. What
is the probability of showing tail (T) and head
(H)?

2. You are holding a die. Your seatmate is holding

another die. If both of you roll the dice at the
same time, how many outcomes are possible?
What is the probability of getting 2 and 2?