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A B B
A
v’ = 4.0 km/h
mass increases by 1.25 times (8000 kg to 10000 kg), speed decrease by 1.25
times (50 m/s to 40 m/s)
Example 3 (pay attention to directions)
A B B
A
mv + M(0) (m + M)v’
mv + 0 = (m + M)v’
mv / (M+m) = v’
Example 5
• A woman with horizontal velocity v1 jumps
off a dock into a stationary boat. After
landing in the boat, the woman and the boat
move with velocity v2. Compared to velocity
v1, velocity v2 has
1. the same magnitude and the same direction
2. the same magnitude and opposite direction
3. smaller magnitude and the same direction
4. larger magnitude and the same direction
Example 6 – Sample Problem 6E
• A 1850 kg luxury sedan stopped at a traffic light is
struck from the rear by a compact car with a mass of
975 kg. the two cars become entangle as a result of
the collision. If the compact car was moving at a
velocity of 220 m/s to the north before the collision,
what is the velocity of the entangled mass after the
collision?
• Pp 234-235 #34-35, 49
34. a. 1.80 m/s b. 2.16 x 104 J
35. a. 0.81 m/s E; b. 1400 J
49. a. 2.1 m/s E; b. 4.1 x 104 J
Elastic Collision
• In an elastic collision, two objects collide and return to their
original shapes with no change in total kinetic energy.
• Most collisions are neither elastic nor perfectly inelastic.
Elastic and perfectly inelastic collisions are limiting cases.
However, in this book, we assume that when objects bounces
off each other, the collision is elastic.
• Momentum and Kinetic energy remain constant elastic
collisions.
2 2 2 2
Example 8
0 = m1v1’ + m2v2’
• Consider a homemade cannon.
p(after) = 0
p(before) = 0
p(cannon) +
p(ball) = 0
• In the exploding cannon, total system momentum is
conserved.
• The system consists of two objects - a cannon and a tennis
ball.
• Before the explosion, the total momentum of the system is
zero since the cannon and the tennis ball located inside of it
are both at rest.
• After the explosion, the total momentum of the system must
still be zero. If the ball acquires 50 units of forward
momentum, then the cannon acquires 50 units of backwards
momentum. The vector sum of the individual momentum of
the two objects is 0. Total system momentum is conserved.
Example 8
• A 2.0-kilogram toy cannon is at rest on a frictionless surface. A
remote triggering device causes a 0.005-kilogram projectile to
be fired from the cannon. Which equation describes this
system after the cannon is fired?
1. mass of cannon + mass of projectile = 0
2. speed of cannon + speed of projectile = 0
3. momentum of cannon + momentum of projectile = 0
4. velocity of cannon + velocity of projectile = 0
Example 9
• A 2-kilogram rifle initially at rest fires a 0.002-
kilogram bullet. As the bullet leaves the rifle
with a velocity of 500 meters per second, what
is the momentum of the rifle-bullet system?
Example 10
• A 56.2-gram tennis ball is loaded into a 1.27-kg homemade cannon.
The cannon is at rest when it is ignited. Immediately after the
impulse of the explosion, a photogate timer measures the cannon to
recoil backwards a distance of 6.1 cm in 0.0218 seconds. Determine
the post-explosion speed of the cannon and of the tennis ball.
Given: Cannon: m = 1.27 kg; d = 6.1 cm; t = 0.0218 s
Ball: m = 56.2 g = 0.0562 kg
• The strategy for solving for the speed of the cannon is to recognize
that the cannon travels 6.1 cm at a constant speed in the 0.0218
seconds.
• vcannon = d / t = (6.1 cm) / (0.0218 s) = 280 cm/s (rounded
• The strategy for solving for the post-explosion speed of the tennis
ball involves using momentum conservation principles. mball • vball =
- mcannon • vcannon
Example 11
• A 60. kg man standing on a stationary 40. kg boat throws a .20 kg
baseball with a velocity of 50. m/s. With what speed does the boat
move after the man throws the ball? Assume no friction between
the water and the boat.
3.0 m/s