ADVANCE ENGLISH

“HYPERTENSION”

ARRANGED BY :
 Nina Noryulita 1614401110029
 Ninda Utari 1614401110030
 Nisa Hestiana 1614401110031
 Oulia Febrianoor 1614401110032
 Puput Anisa Kurniawati 1614401110033
 Reza Ellanda 1614401110034
DEFINITION
 Hypertension or high blood pressure, is
increased blood pressure or force of blood
pressing on the walls of the cavity where the
blood was. 
 High Blood Pressure (hypertension) is an
increase in blood pressure in the arteries.
 Blood pressure is also affected by physical
activity, which will be higher at the time of
the activity and lower when resting
MEASURING BLOOD
PRESSURE
 Blood pressure is written with two numbers, the number
units mmHg in blood pressure tool / tension meter, the
systolic and diastolic.
 Is the highest systolic blood pressure is when the heart is
doing contract or contraction.
 Diastolic is the lowest figure at the heart expands in the
final relaxation.
 Example, blood pressure 120/80 mmHg mean systolic
pressure of 120 and diastolic pressure of 80 mmHg.
 CLASSIFICATION OF BLOOD
PRESSURE

No Classification Systolic Diastolic

1 Optimal <120 mmHg <80 mmHg
2 Normal <130 mmHg <85 mmHg
3 Normal high 130-139 mmHg 85-89 mmHg
4 Mild 140-159 mmHg 90-99 mmHg
hypertension
5 Hypertension 160-179 mmHg 100-109 mmHg
was
6 Severe > 180 mmHg > 110 mmHg
hypertension
2 classification known hypertension (by
cause), namely:
 Primary hypertension (hypertension
idiophatik), in which the cause is not
known with certainty. It also said that
hypertension is the impact of lifestyle
and environmental factors.
 Secondary hypertension, is
hypertension that occurs due to the
disease from other diseases such as
abnormalities in the kidneys or failure of
the hormone system.
World Health Organitation (WHO)
classifies hypertension based on the
presence or absence of abnormalities
in other organs, namely:
 Hypertension without abnormalities in
other organs.
 Hypertension with cardiac enlargement.
 Hypertension with abnormalities in other
organs in addition to the heart.
 CAUSES OF
HYPERTENSION
Some of the causes of hypertension, among others:
 Because hormonal, for example, from the adrenal
glands.
 The use of drugs.
 Smoking because the nicotine contained in tobacco.

 Alcoholic beverages.
 Abnormalities in the kidneys.

 Intracranial Abnormalities resulting in increased

intracranial pressure or because of its location near
the center of innervation that affect blood pressure.
 Abnormalities of the large blood vessels (aorta) that
coarctation aorta where the aortic arch aorta is
continuous with descendants.
ANATOM
Y
 Heart
 Arteries
 Arterioles
 Major blood vessels and capillaries
 Sinusoids
 Vena and venul
 PHYSIOLOG
Y
The heart has the function as a pump
oxygenated blood in the arterial system,
which was brought into the cell and the
entire body to collect blood
deoxygenation (blood oxygen levels
less) of the vein system are delivered to
the lungs for reoxygenation. (Black,
1997)
 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF
HYPERTENSION
Structural and functional changes in the
peripheral vascular system responsible for the
changes in blood pressure that occurs in the
elderly. These changes include atherosclerosis,
loss of elasticity of the connective tissue, and a
decrease in vascular smooth muscle relaxation,
which in turn lowers the ability of tensile
strength distension and blood vessels.
Consequently, the aorta and large arteries less
able to accommodate the volume of blood
pumped by the heart (volume close ), resulting
in decreased cardiac output and increased
peripheral resistance (Smeltzer, Bare, 2002).
 THE SYMPTOMS OF
HYPERTENSION
Complaints are not always going to be
experienced by a patient with
hypertension. Often a person with
symptoms of pain behind his head,
irritability and difficulty sleeping, when
the blood pressure measured showed a
normal blood pressure numbers. The
only way to determine the presence or
absence of hypertension only by
measuring blood pressure.
 THE EFFECTS OF
HYPERTENSION
Hypertension if not controlled can lead to
serious complications, such as:
 kidney damage.
 damages blood vessels.
 brain hemorrhage / stroke.
 Paralysis.
 enlarged heart / heart trouble.
 Narrowing of the coronary arteries /
heart attack.
 PREVENTION OF
HYPERTENSION
Primary Prevention:
  Adequate sleep, between 6-8 hours per
day.
 Reduce high cholesterol foods and
multiply physical activity to lose weight.
 Reduce alcohol consumption.
 Consumption of fish oil.
 The supply of calcium, although only
slightly lower blood pressure but calcium
is also quite
 helpful.
Secondary Prevention
 Pattern whice food healthy.
 Reduce salt and sodium in your diet.
 Physical active.
 Reduce intake Alcohol.
 Stop smoking.

Tertiary Prevention
 Control of blood on a regular basis.
 Sports regularly and adjusted to body
condition.
 TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION IS BEST:
 Always control your blood pressure
checked regularly by a doctor .
 Always take medication regularly even
without a complaint .
 Reducing salt intake .
 Increase consumption of vegetables and
fruit .
 Obeying doctor's advice.
 CONCLUSION
Hypertension or high blood pressure, is
increased blood pressure or force of blood
pressing on the walls of the cavity where the
blood was.
Blood pressure in a person's life varies
naturally. Infants and children normally have a
blood pressure that is much lower than
adults. Blood pressure is also affected by
physical activity, which will be higher at the
time of the activity and lower when
resting. Blood pressure is also different in one
day, the highest in the morning and lowest at
night during sleep.