MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF

BASALT FIBRE COMPOSITES

 EPOXY RESINS
• Epoxy is either any of the basic components or the cured end products of epoxy
resins, as well as a colloquial name for the epoxide functional group.
• Epoxy adhesives are a major part of the class of adhesives called structural
adhesives" or "engineering adhesives that includes polyurethane
acrylic, cyanoacrylate, and other chemistries.
• These high-performance adhesives are used in the construction of aircraft,
automobiles, bicycles, boats, golf clubs, skis, snowboards, and other applications
where high strength bonds are required.
• Epoxy adhesives can be developed to suit almost any application.
• They can be used as adhesives for wood, metal, glass, stone, and some plastics.
 EPOXY (CONT’D)

• They can be made flexible or rigid, transparent or opaque/colored, fast

setting or slow setting.
• Epoxy adhesives are better in heat and chemical resistance than other
common adhesives.
• In general, epoxy adhesives cured with heat will be more heat- and
chemical-resistant than those cured at room temperature.
• The strength of epoxy adhesives is degraded at temperatures above 350 °F
(177 °C).
 HARDENER

• In general, uncured epoxy resins have only poor mechanical, chemical and
heat resistance properties.
• However, good properties are obtained by reacting the linear epoxy resin
with suitable curatives to form three-dimensional cross-linked thermoset
structures.
• Curing may be achieved by reacting an epoxy with itself
(homopolymerisation) or by forming a copolymer with polyfunctional
curatives or hardeners.
• While some epoxy resin/ hardener combinations will cure at ambient
temperature, many require heat, with temperatures up to 150 °C being
common, and up to 200 °C for some specialist systems.
 HARDENER (CONT’D)

• Insufficient heat during cure will result in a network with incomplete

polymerisation, and thus reduced mechanical, chemical and heat
resistance.
• Hardeners which show only low or limited reactivity at ambient temperature,
but which react with epoxy resins at elevated temperature are referred to
as latent hardeners.
• When using latent hardeners, the epoxy resin and hardener may be mixed
and stored for some time prior to use, which is advantageous for many
industrial processes.
 OBJECTIVE

• Our objective is to make a specimen made up 3 layers of basalt fibre and

carbon fibre with Epoxy Resin and hardener of size of a concrete beam of
dimensions (50X10)cm.
• Our aim is also to determine its mechanical properties by performing various
tests on that.
 APPARATUS
• Epoxy Resin (GY 257)
• Hardener (Aradur22962)
• Paint Brush (3cm)
• Mixing Containers
• Weight Machine approximate to 0.01g
• Basalt Fibre (300GSM)
• Basalt and Carbon Fibre cut up to size of (50X10cm)
• Kota stone Slab of fine surface Size (60X15cm)
• Coconut or Mustard Oil
• Uniformly distributed load of about 7-8 KG
 PROCEDURE
• First we cut the fibres to size of a concrete beam 50cm X10cm and cut all the
thread so it remains clean.
• For full adhesion and complete stiffness of specimen, both the slabs are clean
with cloth and oil is applied on it to make it smooth.
• After that take 30% of Hardener and 70% of Epoxy in a beaker and mix them
continuously for approximately 30 minutes because it dries overtime.
• Then apply the mix on the first fibre slowly and longitudinally and cover all the
sides.
• After that apply the mix on second fibre and it should be more than first one
because this layer absorbs more and it should stick with above fibre.
• Finally apply the mix on one side of 3rd fibre so that it does not stick with the slab.
• After that put the slab on the fibres put the load on that and keep it under
standard temperature.
 RESULT

• After 12 hrs the specimen is ready

and is ready to be cleaned and
tested.
• We observed that stiffness of
specimen is increased with respect
to time.
 PRECAUTIONS
• The slabs should be cleaned properly otherwise it will create voids which
does not create proper adhesion.
• Oil should be applied properly so that the specimen removes without effort
and does not get damaged.
• Mix should be stirred continuously so that it does not dries and perform full
adhesion.
• Load should be applied properly otherwise it does not sticks with the slab.
• Slab should be removed properly so that specimen should not spilt in two or
three parts.
 MECHANICAL TESTING OF
SPECIMEN
• Flexure Testing
• Tensile test
• Hardness by Briniell Hardness Machine
• Impact test by Izod and Charpy
 LITERATURE REVIEW
Author Journal Title Objective
Dhand, Vivek A short review on • This article presents a short review on basalt fibers
Mittal, Garima basalt fiber used as a reinforcement material for composites.
Yop, Kyong • The paper also discusses the basics of basalt
Park, Soo-jin chemistry and its classification. Apart from this, an
Hui, David attempt to showcase the increasing trend in
research publications and activity in the area of
basalt fibers is also covered.
• Further sections discuss the improvement in
mechanical, thermal and chem- ical resistant
properties achieved for applications in specific i
Author Journal Title Objective
Hannibal Ólafsson Basalt fiber bar • In this paper the focus is on the basalt fiber bars, the
Eyþór Þórhallsson possible usage of such bars instead of the common
steel reinforcement rebar
• benefits of using Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) as a
strengthening material in concrete is that it is non
corrosive.
• In places where concrete structures are close to the
sea, like houses or bridges, the maintenance of the
concrete is needed on regular basis. In such
conditions the common rebar is in constant danger
of corrosion and therefore could become weak and
hazardous in a short period of time.
Author Journal Title Objective
Urbanski, Marek Investigation on Concrete Beams The paper presents some chosen results of
Lapko, Andrzej Reinforced with Basalt Rebars as pilot research on the series of simply
Garbacz, Andrzej an Effective Alternative of supported beams under flexure, reinforced
Conventional R / C Structures with BFRP bars, compared to the reference
beams with steel reinforcement. The tested
beams were made of C30/37 concrete and
reinforced with basalt bars with 8 mm
diameter having and tensile strength
evaluated from the tensile tests. The analysis
of the beam deflection and cracking
behavior has been presented. The results
show the different character of the load-
deflection relationship of basalt reinforced
beams compared to traditionally steel
reinforced beams, as well as the significant
influence of the type and quality of
anchoring on the process of basalt bars
tensile process.
 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Made By-
Tamjeed Ahmed (161D035)
Sameer Prakash (161D048)
Ratnesh Sharma (161D023)

Submitted to-
Seminar supervisor
Mr. Yogesh Iyer Murthy
 INNOVATION BRIDGE UNIVERSITY
OF MIAMI
• Innovation Bridge University of Miami. 95% OF THIS BRIDGE IS CONSTRUCTED
WITH BASALT FIBER
• Stiff, totally non rusting 10.25” x 40’ piling cage weighs only 140 lbs. and can
be carried by 2 people.
• The eight, 16-in. diameter, 40 ft.-long auger-cast piles are reinforced with a
prefabricated cage of six bars and spirals made with basalt fibers (BFRP). The
cages (in the shape of an octagon) were prefabricated at the composite
manufacturer plant and delivered to the site, ready for installation. This type
of application is a world “first” and takes advantage of precision
manufacturing. The cast-in-place, 3-in. concrete deck topping was
reinforced with a grid of bars. Woven bridge deck reinforcement.